組織政治行為對校長領導之啟示

我國自1986年解嚴之後，社會產生快速的變遷。而在教育方面也開始一連串革新，如教師會的建立、教師評審委員會的設置、家長會功能的強化等，學校組織也必須進行改組與調整。尤其學校已從過去受養護組織轉變成為開放系統，學校組織必須吸收外在資源，才能生存下來。然在爭取資源過程中，在校內首要凝聚成員共識，但隨著教師專業自主權及家長參與校務權力高漲，在凝聚成員共識部分較以往更加複雜。在校外部分，因近來教育資源日漸枯竭，學校所獲得資源比過去來得少。職此，學校校長必須藉由各種權力、聯合、鬥爭、溝通、協調及競合等行為，爭取學校最大的利益，而這些行為就是所謂組織政治行為。本文首先探究組織政治行為的意涵與正負功能，並說明組織中政治行為的三大規準，最後則提出組織政治行為對學校校長領導的啟示。

關鍵字

學校組織；組織政治行為；校長領導

並列摘要

The society of my country, after the lifting of martial law in 1986, has gone through a fast change. A series of innovations has also started in the aspects of education, such as the constitution of the Teachers' association, the built of Teacher appraisement committee, and the enhancement on the function of Parents Association, and etc. The school, at the same moment, needs to carry on reshuffling and adjusting. It also needs to absorb external resources to be able to survive, especially when the school has turned to an open system from the domesticated organization in the past. In the process of fighting for resources, the first thing to do is to coagulate the consensus of the members in the school. However, with the surge of the Teachers' professional autonomy and the Parents' power to get involved school affairs, it's getting more complicated to agglomerate members' consensus. For outside of the school, the resource the school can acquire became fewer compared to the past because of the exhaustion of education resources recently. As a result, the principal in a school needs to fight for the biggest benefit for the school by various power, consociation, battles, communication, mediation, competition and cooperation, and etc. And these behaviors are so-called political behavior in organizations. In this text, I first investigate the meaning of the political behavior in organizations and its positive and negative functions, and then demonstrate three standards of the political behavior in organizations. At the end, I propose its implication for principal leadership as a conclusion.