從《心經》的智慧與思維模式探討校長領導

佛教除了具有「出世解脫」的目標外，亦具有入世救度眾生的法門。因此，佛法的智慧系統並不會與世間智慧格格不入，反而可以融入世間，豐富世間智慧的原有內涵。佛法是實際的修行，亦是知識的累積，實際的修行必須透過不斷的練習以改變實際的感官經驗與思考程序。本文採用「空的操作型定義」做為空性的修持歷程，從《心經》分析出七項智慧系統做為修持的內涵，依據七項智慧系統修習至圓滿境地後超越之，達至一切空無，究竟解脫境地。《心經》的智慧系統可以應用於校長領導的思維模式，透過五蘊－對事物分析類別的智慧；中道思考；四相－智慧思考必須考慮的四種立場並跳脫；十八界－感官經驗；十二因緣－邏輯思考的智慧；四聖諦－解決問題的智慧；究竟涅槃－放下執著的智慧，最後超越一切智慧，轉化校長領導的思維模式，達成圓滿的教育目標。

關鍵字

校長領導；佛教；心經；思維模式

並列摘要

The Heart Sutra is a very short abstract of MahāprajnāpāramitāSūtra (Sutra of supreme wisdom) that includes all the wisdom systems of Buddhism. As an abstract, the Heart Sutra describes briefly about each wisdom system and their practicing and achieving methods. We apply the wisdom systems mentioned in Heart Sutra and make transformations of the systems as a toolbox of leadership for the principals on their daily use. There are at least seven systems discussed in the Heart Sutra. (1) The Five Aggregates, the wisdom of analyzing the structures or components of an object or a phenomenon. (2) The Principle of Middle Way, the wisdom of avoiding the extremities. (3) The Four Forms, the wisdom of thinking from different viewpoints. (4) The Eighteen Realms, the wisdom of properly experiencing inner or outer environment. (5) The Twelve Links, the wisdom of analyzing a process or an arising phenomenon. (6) The Four Noble Truths, the wisdom of resolving a problem. (7) The Principle of Emptiness, the wisdom of understanding the nature of every phenomenon. Though, these wisdom systems are thought to be hermitic, yet they can be secular as well. By using the toolbox with practicing cases of leadership for the principals developed in this study, the common problems encountered during the management of schools or organizations are overcome promisingly.