臺中市新住民家長參與子女學習之研究－以越南及印尼配偶為例

婚嫁來臺的越南及印尼新住民女性，如何克服語言與文化差異，參與子女的學習及就學環境，為本研究關注之焦點。故本研究旨在瞭解新住民女性家長參與子女學習之概況；分析新住民女性不同個人與家庭背景在「家長參與子女學習」之差異，以及探討個人與家庭背景對新住民「家長參與子女學習」之解釋力。本研究採問卷調查法，研究對象為臺中市之越南及印尼配偶，以立意取樣與滾雪球方式，共取得360份有效樣本。研究工具包括：「個人及家庭背景調查表」及「家長參與子女學習量表」。本研究發現，新住民家長參與子女學習之程度較低。「家長參與子女學習」在「年齡」、「來臺前後是否參與跨文化訓練」、「夫妻年齡差距」、「結婚年數」、「婚前認識時間」、「子女數」及「家庭平均月收入」上有顯著差異；在家長參與子女學習方面，「21至30歲」的新住民優於「41歲以上」者；然而，未參與跨文化訓練者之參與度優於有參與者；夫妻年齡差距在「10歲以下」者優於「11至20歲」者；結婚年數在「6至10年」者優於「16年以上」者；婚前認識時間在「2個月（含）以上」者優於「2個月以下」者；家庭平均月收入越高，家長參與子女學習程度越高。根據迴歸分析之結果，新住民女性之「年齡」、「本地語言能力（讀）」、「來臺後有參與跨文化訓練」、「夫妻年齡差距」與「家庭平均月收入：21,925元以下」此五個變項對家長參與子女學習達27.5％之解釋變異量。根據本研究結果，建議新住民女性積極參與子女的學習，特別是孩子學校與社區層面之學習活動，並增強個人之中文閱讀能力，以協助與指導子女之課業。學校教師宜瞭解如何與親住民家長互動與溝通。再者，建議相關單位建構對新住民友善及包容之氛圍與環境。

關鍵字

新住民；家長參與；外籍配偶

並列摘要

For those new immigrants coming from Vietnam and Indonesia, how to overcome language problem and cultural difference, and participate in children's learning or school activities, is the main emphasis of this study. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the new immigrants' personal and family background, and their parent involvement, to analyze the difference of personal and family background on parent involvement, and to explore the predictors of parent involvement of new immigrants. Vietnamese and Indonesian spouses in Taichung City were surveyed by purposive and snowball sampling, and 360 effective samples were obtained. The research instruments include ＂personal and family background questionnaire,＂ and ＂parent involvement scale.＂ The results show that as a whole, new immigrants had a relatively low parent involvement. There are significant differences of several personal and family background variables on parent involvement including age, whether participate in cross-cultural training before coming to Taiwan and after coming to Taiwan, couple's age gap, years of marriage, length of knowing each other before getting married, number of children, and family monthly income. In terms of parent involvement, those aged between 21 to 30 years old involve more in children's learning than those aged over 41 years old; however, not having cross-cultural training is superior to having cross-cultural training. Couple's age gap for 10 years of age is better than 11 to 20 years of age. In view of years of marriage, 6 to 10 years of marriage is better than over 16 years. With regard to the length of knowing each other before getting married, 2 months is better than less than 2 months. The higher the family monthly income, the better the parent involvement. Five variables achieved 27.5% variance of explanation on parent involvement including age, language ability (reading), having cross-cultural training after coming to Taiwan, couple's age gap, and family monthly income: below NTD 21,925. Based on the results, it is recommended that new immigrants be more active in parent involvement, especially in terms of school and community activities. Moreover, new immigrants should improve Chinese reading literacy, in order to provide guidance and assistance for children at home. Teachers should also know how to communicate and interact with new immigrants. Furthermore, relevant agencies should provide cross culture training in the area of parent education or parent involvement, and establish friendly atmosphere and environment for new immigrants.