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Geotrichum Capitatum Fungemia with Skin Lesions Similar to Varicella in a Patient with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

急性淋巴性白血病患者Geotrichum capitatum 菌血症引發類似水痘之皮膚表徵:一病例報告

摘要


病患爲六歲大的白血病患童,於四歲大時因發燒、臉色蒼白及出現出血點而住院,經骨髓檢查證實爲急性淋巴性白血病。2001年7月10日至7月20日,病童穹療;7月24日病童堌發燒而入院。 住院時血液培養長出Klebsiella pneumoniae(對gentamicin敏感)。使用廣效性抗生素後情况幷未改善。7月28日頭皮上長出中央有小水泡會癢的丘疹,而後遍及軀幹及四肢。水痘抗體(IgG,IgM)及喉頭病毒培養均呈陰性。在懷疑黴菌性菌血症的診斷下使用抗黴菌藥amphotericin B。血液培養後來長出Geotrichum capitatum。雖經白血球輸注(granulocyte transfusion),然而病况依然惡化,於住院第十二天病逝。 Geotrichum capitatum是造成免疫不全宿主黴菌感染的罕見原因,危險因子包含中央靜脉導管的置放、廣效性抗生素的使用、及免疫力低下。臨床病症爲免疫低下病人經廣效性抗生治療後依然高燒不退,且幾乎所有的器官都被侵犯。皮膚的感染通常爲數個紫色的斑疹或丘疹,可能併有中央壞死或水泡,病灶切片可發現G. capitatum。疹子好發於胸避及四肢,通常不會侵犯到臉部;而我們病人的病灶爲斑丘疹併中央壞死或小水泡先由頭皮上長出,而後遍及軀幹及四肢,相似於水痘的皮膚病徵,然而針對水痘病毒的血清學檢測及水痘的病毒培養皆呈陰性,皮膚水泡的培養後來長出G.capitatum。 G.capitatum能造成在型態及分布上均類似於水痘的皮膚病灶;所心,在免疫低下的病人若出現類似水痘的皮膚病灶時,黴菌感染應列入鑑別診斷。

並列摘要


Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised persons. Varicella lesions (macules, papules and vesicles) often appear first on the scalp, face or trunk. We report the case of a leukemic patient who developed multiple maculopapular rashes with central vesicles after chemotherapy. The skin lesions were first noted on the scalp, face and then trunk and extremities. These manifestations were similar to those caused by VZV. Both blood culture and skin vesicle fluid culture yielded Geotrichum capitatum, which is a thermotolerant, yeast-like fungus that forms on culture cream-colored wrinkled colonies. Serology study and throat swab culture for VZV were negative. This case raises the possibility that fungal infection can manifest chickenpox-like skin lesions in immunocompromised patients.

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