析論莊子絕待“道”境之呈現

莊子書中常見記載著「無」此「無」彼、「排除兩邊」的用語，其所欲傳達的意涵何在？本文針對此一疑問，展開探討，獲知：（一）「無」此「無」彼、排除兩邊的敘述，雖然遣去相對的兩邊，但並不停滯於兩邊皆去的空無，而再轉出中道，做為養生、處世、工作、生活的法則。中道在莊子筆下，並再次翻轉為「變化無常」之「道」。（二）排除兩邊的敘述，其意涵為：遣去相對兩邊，不受任何一邊之束縛，超越對待，返回絕待「道」境；在本文探討的排除兩邊的敘述中，絕待「道」境即呈顯於人生的各個面向。（三）排除兩邊的敘述，不僅與「道」的絕待理旨吻合，且其核心義理即指向「道」；亦即邁越兩偏的智慧，不離於「道」，以立足道境為前提，亦以道為依歸。（四）莊子經常運用排除兩邊的敘述，其原因當在於遣去兩邊的敘述，恰可適切地傳達超越對立、絕去對待的義理，且可將道的「變化無常」「不可必」的性質，一併敘明，故而援用之。亦即排除兩邊的敘述，誠然為莊子呈現「道」的一種表達方式。

關鍵字

莊子；道；絕待；無待

並列摘要

”Without this or that” and ”without leaning towards either side” are phrases often sited in Zhuangzi. This paper studied the phrases and concluded the following: 1. Although ”without this or that,” ”without leaning towards either side” implied the elimination of mutual distinction, the phrases did not dwell on nil, either. Instead, ”Zhongdao” was used to explain life and ways of the world. Zhuangzi indeed re-defined ”Zhongdao” as ”Tao. ” 2. ”Without leaning towards either side” meant to go beyond mutual distinction and returned to Juedai-”Tao,” which, as this study pointed out, presented various aspects of life. 3. Both the definition and the core value of ”without leaning towards either side” implied ”Tao.” The phrase surpassed mutual distinction, creating wisdom based on ”Tao.” 4. Zhuangzi frequently referred to ”without leaning towards either side” because the phrase conveyed the idea of ”beyond mutual distinction” and depicted the fact that Tao was ever-changing. In other words, ”without this or that” was the way through which Zhuangzi presented Tao.