英雄、歷險、桃花源－由日治小說《奇人健飛啓疆記》的試煉之路論其敘事建構的原型模式

臺灣文人謝雪漁所作之〈奇人健飛啓疆記〉，是日治時期臺灣通俗文言小說中少數的長篇作品。謝雪漁以明末亂世為背景，描述主角朱健飛的冒險歷程，並帶領讀者隨著朱健飛經歷一次次的冒險犯難後，分別在亂世中國建設出一個與世隔絕的「新桃源」，以及在海外琉球國建立一個新天地，可惜小說並未刊載完全，留給後世無限的想像空間。本文有感於現今臺灣文學界對於小說文本的解析，過於強調後殖民理論的闡釋，造成小說解讀的僵化，故期待能以不同的理論角度思考臺灣通俗小說，以論證文學作品雖可以由政治角度加以詮釋，也可以藉由其他理論如神話原型理論在小說解讀上的運用，探求小說作者、小說文本在心理、形式層面的價值，以反求日治臺灣文人在殖民統治下深藏於內心的疑惑。故以小說主角朱健飛的試煉之路為分析重點，探討此篇小說敍事建構的原型模式。作為謝雪漁筆下的「奇人」朱健飛，其行為特點足以被以「英雄」視之，是故其冒險歷程即與世界上各類英險冒險故事的基本敍事模式相符合。但〈奇人健飛啓疆記〉的特點在於，作者雖然安排朱健飛建立了兩個「桃花源」理想境地作為主角的回歸之所，但小說的未完結，卻導致閱讀者無從得知朱健飛的回歸之所何在？此點反映出作者謝雪漁將其英雄期待投射於自我創造出的小說人物後，表現自己在殖民統治下的矛盾心態，類似謝雪漁這樣在過去被視為親日的臺灣文人，其內心是充滿複雜的情感，值得吾人日後再進行更為深刻的思考。

關鍵字

謝雪漁；英雄；神話；原型；桃花源

並列摘要

”Jian Fei Reclamation,” written by Taiwanese writer Shien Shueh-Yu in classical Chinese, is one of the few long novels in the Japanese colonial period. Shien uses the turbulent times of the end of Ming Dynasty as the background, describes the protagonist Ju Jian Fei's adventures, leads readers into the establishment of a secluded ”new Land of Peach Garden” which is cut off from outside world, and presents a new realm set up in Ryukyu. It is a pity that the novel was not published in its full length, allowing unlimited space of imagination for the progeny. Against the current vogue of applying postcolonial theory to Taiwanese literature, this paper seeks to use a different theoretical approach, such as the mythical archetypal literary criticism, in the discussion of Taiwanese popular novels. The hero Ju Jian Fei's adventures are parallel with other heroes' adventures in world literature. But the unique part of ”Jian Fei Reclamation” lies in the author's treatment of the ending. Although the author sets up two places as utopias to which the protagonist aims to return, the unfinished ending puts all this in a suspension. This reflects the author's ambivalence as a Taiwanese under the colonial rule and needs further thoughts and discussions.