阿里山山葵栽培區與周邊天然林樣區無脊椎動物多樣性比較

Biodiversity of the Alishan Wasabi Agroecosystem and Natural Ecosystem

林明杰(Min-Jieh Lin) ； 蕭文鳳(Wen-Feng Hsiao)

《台灣昆蟲》 35卷4期 (2015/12) Pp. i+227-243

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.2015016

摘要

本調查自2004年10月起至2006年1月止，於選定之阿里山天然林樣區、山葵田樣區及休耕山葵田樣區，以掃網及掉落式陷阱方式進行樣區之生物多樣性調查，同時比較農業生態系與自然生態系生物多樣性之差異。總計採得7綱25目103科23137隻，掃網方法總共採獲2綱16目90科138665隻，其中天然林樣區5946隻（昆蟲綱佔42.88%）、山葵田4201隻（昆蟲綱佔30.30%）及休耕山葵田3719隻（昆蟲綱佔26.82%），三個樣區的無脊椎動物皆以昆蟲綱為優勢綱；掉落式陷阱採獲7綱22目65科9271隻，其中天然林樣區2116隻（昆蟲綱佔22.82%）、山葵田3804隻（昆蟲綱佔41.03%）及休耕山葵田3351隻（昆蟲綱佔36.15%），皆以昆蟲綱為優勢綱。就季節性物種歧異度指數而言，掃網法調查中以休耕山葵田的夏季最高（2.213），最低的是冬季的山葵田（0.997），三個樣區皆以夏季時為最高；掉落式陷阱調查中以夏季的休耕山葵田最高（2.284），最低的是春季的休耕山葵田（0.462）。就季節性均勻度指數而言，掃網法調查中以夏季的天然林樣區最高（0.721），最低的是冬季的山葵田（0.352）；掉落式陷阱調查中以天然林樣區的春季最高（0.785），最低的是秋季的休耕山葵田（0.241）。三種棲地類型中，以農業生態系的山葵田和休耕山葵田之無脊椎動物相和棲地類型相似度最高，而多樣性則以自然生態系的天然林為最高（0.630）。

關鍵字

農業生態系 ； 山葵田 ； 自然生態系 ； 節肢動物 ； 昆蟲

並列摘要

Biodiversity surveys were conducted from October 2004 to January 2006. All organisms collected were from the Alishan forest site (NF), the wasabi field (WF) or the fallow wasabi field (FWF). All samples were collected using the sweep net or pitfall trap method, and the differences in biodiversity between agroecosystem and natural ecosystem were compared. In total, 23137 individuals were collected, belonging to 7 classes, 25 orders, and 103 families. Among them, 13866 individuals were collected using the sweeping net method, and they belonged to 2 classes, 16 orders and 90 families. We collected 5946 individuals from the NF site, 4201 individuals from the WA site, and 3719 individuals from the FWF. Insects were the dominant class. In the pitfall trap sampling, 9271 individuals were collected belonging to 7 classes, 22 orders, 65 families, with 2116 individuals from the NF site, 3804 individuals from the WF and 3351 individuals from the FWF. Insects were the dominant class. Among these three habitats, the arthropods and habitat patterns of the agroecosystem were highly similar between the WF and the FWF; however, the natural ecosystem of the NF had the highest diversity (0.63).

並列關鍵字

Agroecosystems ； Wasabi field ； forest ； arthropods ； insects