茶角盲椿象（半翅目：盲椿科）取食能力與雌成蟲對茶樹品種的取食偏好探討

Feeding Capacity of Helopeltis fasciaticollis (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Feeding Preference of Female Adults for Tea (Camellia sinensis) Cultivars

林敬桓(Jing-Huan Lin) ； 陳威嘉(Wei-Chia Chen) ； 莊益源(Yi-Yuan Chuang)

《台灣昆蟲》 38卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 1-11

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.2018001

摘要

茶角盲椿象（Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius）偏好刺吸危害茶樹的新芽與新葉部位，嚴重影響有機茶園的產量與植株生育。本研究在實驗室內測試此蟲不同生活期（life stage）對茶樹葉片的危害程度，結果發現茶角盲椿象各生活期在日、夜間均有取食行為，且此二個時段所造成的平均危害斑痕數量間並均無顯著差異。其若蟲期雖較偏好危害新梢的第二葉片，但與第一葉片無顯著差異；而成蟲期則偏好危害第二葉片，與第一葉片及新芽間均呈顯著差異。評估茶角盲椿象在日間12 h的危害情形，顯示五齡若蟲及雌成蟲具最高危害能力，二者造成的平均危害斑痕數量分別為60.7±26.8及51.5±24.4個，而平均斑痕總面積分別達176.2±88.2及189.5±108.0 mm^2，此二種生活期所造成的斑痕總面積間無顯著差異，但與其它生活期則均呈顯著差異。實驗室內以臺茶18號（Taiwan Tea Experiment Station No. 18，TIES No. 18）做為對照組，分別逐一測試茶角盲椿象雌成蟲對其他8種茶樹品種葉片的取食偏好性，結果顯示茶角盲椿象雌成蟲對所有測試品種葉片皆會造成危害斑痕，但分別在四季春（Shy Jih Chuen）、青心大冇（Chin Shin Dah Pan）、臺茶21號（TTES No. 21）、臺茶7號（TTES No. 7）及臺茶8號（TTES No. 8）等5種茶樹葉片上所造成斑痕面積的相對比率均顯著低於對照組，分別為17.9±7.5％、25.3±8.7％-25.9±25.1％、33.5±9.6％及41.4±8.7％。茶角盲椿象對不同品種茶樹的取食偏好，可提供未來茶樹栽培時選擇此蟲非偏好品種之參考，或應用於耕作防治技術中，設置其偏好品種作為誘引作物，以減輕茶角盲椿象的危害。

關鍵字

茶角盲椿象 ； 取食偏好 ； 生活期 ； 茶樹品種

並列摘要

The mosquito bug, Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius (H. fasciaticollis) feeds on the buds and new leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), and thereby seriously affects tea production. This study evaluated the feeding behavior of H. fasciaticollis at various life stages under laboratory conditions. Their feeding behavior occurred during both day and night and no significant differences were found between the two time periods with regard to the mean number of feeding spots. Nymphal-stage H. fasciaticollis exhibited no significant preference between the second and first leaves of TTES No. 18. By contrast, the adults exhibited a preference for feeding on the second leaf over the first leaf and bud. Fifth-instar nymphs and female adults exhibited the highest damage capacities. The mean numbers and areas of feeding spots that H. fasciaticollis at these two life stages caused were, respectively, 60.7 ± 26.8 and 51.5 ± 24.4 spots and 176.2 ± 88.2 mm^2 and 189.5 ± 108.0 mm^2 during the day period. To establish baseline information for susceptible tea cultivars, we compared the feeding preferences of H. fasciaticollis female adults for nine common tea cultivars. The results indicated that they fed on the leaves of all tested cultivars but exhibited lower preferences for Shy Jih Chuen, Chin Shin Dah Pan, TTES No. 21, TTES No. 7, and TTES No. 8 than for the control TTES No. 18. The mean relative ratios of H. fasciaticollis adult female feeding areas on these five cultivars were 17.9 ± 7.5, 25.3 ± 8.7, 25.9 ± 25.1, 33.5 ± 9.6, and 41.4 ± 8.7%, respectively. The results from this study may inform selection of cultivars for cultural control as trap plants and resistant cultivars for organic production.

並列關鍵字

Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius ； feeding preference ； life stage ； tea cultivars