台灣地區埃及斑蚊抗藥性基因電壓門控鈉離子通道的胺基酸置換情形：回顧與現況

主要由埃及斑蚊（Aedes aegypti）傳播的登革熱是台灣公衛議題最嚴重的蟲媒疾病。除登革熱之外，埃及斑蚊亦能傳播黃熱病（yellow fever）、茲卡病毒感染症（Zika virus infection）與屈公病（Chikungunya fever），是為台灣最具威脅性的病媒昆蟲。台灣的埃及斑蚊族群對於多種除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑已產生抗藥性，並在與之相關的電壓門控鈉離子通道蛋白（voltage-gated sodium channel, VGSC）上被測得S989P、V1016G、F1534C以及D1763Y四種胺基酸置換。當埃及斑蚊VGSC同時帶有S989P+V1016G+F1534C三處胺基酸置換時，其對除蟲菊精除蟲菊酯殺蟲劑的抗藥性將會遽升。目前在台灣埃及斑蚊族群發現的VGSC基因型有六種，但尚未偵測到S989P+V1016G+F1534C的基因型，不過該基因型可在S989P+V1016G以及F1534C兩VGSC型別之間經由一次的染色體互換事件生成，而此兩型別已現存於台灣埃及斑蚊族群，當攜帶有S989P+V1016G+F1534C的個體產生並且被環境施藥所汰選下來時，對於埃及斑蚊的防治與相關疾病的預防將會更加困難。就目前台灣地區埃及斑蚊族群VGSC基因的組成現況，本文建議在施藥防治埃及斑蚊的策略上更需謹慎行事，以免汰選出對除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑具有超高抗性的個體，讓台灣在登革熱或其他蚊媒疾病的防治更為棘手。

關鍵字

埃及斑蚊；電壓門控鈉離子通道；除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑；擊昏抗性；登革熱

並列摘要

Yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) are the primary transmitter of dengue fever in Taiwan, and they exhibit strong resistance to several pyrethroids and possess four amino acid substitutions in voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs)-S989P, V1016G, F1534C, and D1763Y. Ae. aegypti VGSCs carrying the S989P+V1016G+F1534C triple amino acid substitution exhibit extremely high resistance. Although six VGSC haplotypes have been identified in the Ae. aegypti population of Taiwan, the S989P+V1016G+F1534C haplotype has not yet been detected. However, this ultra-resistant haplotype may be generated through a single crossover event between the S989P+V1016G and F1534C haplotypes, both of which exist currently in Taiwan. Furthermore, individual mosquitoes carrying S989P+V1016G+F1534C might be selected by the frequent use of pyrethroid insecticides in Taiwan. Considering the current status of VGSC haplotypes in the Ae. aegypti population in Taiwan, a high amount of caution must be exercised in the use of pyrethroid insecticides to control Ae. aegypti, which is also a vector of yellow fever, Zika virus infection, and chikungunya.

並列關鍵字

Aedes aegypti ； Voltage-gated sodium channel ； Pyrethroid insecticide ； Amino acid substitution ； Dengue fever

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台灣地區埃及斑蚊抗藥性基因電壓門控鈉離子通道的胺基酸置換情形：回顧與現況

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