澳門老年人之主要照顧者的壓力及需求之探討

An Investigation of the Stress and Demand of Primary Caregivers of the Elderly in Macau

徐慧萍(Wai-Peng Choi) ； 林楚明(Chor-Ming Lum)

《澳門護理雜誌》 10卷2期 (2011/12) Pp. 1-7

摘要

目的：在瞭解目前老人之主要照顧者之壓力及需求，並探討老人之家庭照顧情形、照顧者的壓力程度及影響的相關因素。方法：非實驗性、描述性研究，向承擔65歲及以上老人的主要照顧者發派「老年人之主要照顧者的壓力及需求之研究」問卷。結果：共發出問卷200份，收回有效問卷164卷，佔82%；（1）老人多由子女及媳婦照顧，其次為配偶，照顧者以女性為主，平均年齡為43.15歲，老人多與子女及配偶同住，大多數照顧者認為自己有責任照顧老人，而大部分家屬多採用分工輪流之照顧方式以減輕照顧壓力，對於無人輪替的照顧者其壓力相對較高；（2）照顧者的壓力感受程度屬於高，影響照顧者壓力的相關因素有：老人患病數、老人日常活動功能、照顧者的教育程度、照顧者的經濟狀況、照顧者年齡及照顧者的婚姻情況；（3）老人患病越多、日常生活自理能力下降、照顧者教育程度低、經濟收入中等（$5000-7000）、年齡越大及已婚的照顧者其所感受的壓力較高；（4）照顧者的需求程度屬於高，其中醫訊需求是照顧者最大的需求；（5）照顧者壓力程度越高，照顧者需求程度也越高。

關鍵字

老人 ； 照顧者 ； 壓力 ； 需求

並列摘要

Objective: To investigate the current stress and demand in primary caregivers of the elderly, and to examine the situation in home care, stress levels of caregivers and impact of relevant factors. Method: non-experimental, descriptive study, questionnaire of ”the Study of stress and demand of primary caregiver of the elderly” was distributed to caregivers taking care of the elderly who were 65 of age or above. Results: A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, with 164 valid questionnaires returned, 82 %; (1) Most of the elderly involved were taken care of by their offspring and wives of the offspring, then by spouses, who were mostly women, with an average age of 43.15. Most of the elderly lived with their children and spouses, the majority of who thought they had the responsibility to take care of their elders, yet in rotation to reduce pressure. Those who had nobody to take their turn may face higher pressure; (2) Caregivers' perception of level of stress was high. Related stress factors that affected the caregivers were: the number of elderly who were sick, the function of daily activities of the elderly, the caregivers’ education level, the economic status of the caregivers, the age of the caregivers and their marital status; (3) The more seriously sick of the elderly, the more reduced of their ability of daily living, the lower the caregivers' education level was, with middle income ($5000-7000) , of older age and married, the higher stress the caregivers felt; (4) The demands of caregivers were high, amongst which medical information was the highest; (5) The higher the level of caregivers' stress was, the higher levels of their demands were.

並列關鍵字

the elderly/the aged ； caregivers ； stress ； demand