澳門社區長者的社會支持和自我效能與自評健康的相關分析

Relationship between Social Support, Self-efficacy and Self-rated Health of Community Elderly in Macau

梁淑敏(Sok-Man Leong)

《澳門護理雜誌》 13卷2期 (2014/12) Pp. 18-21

摘要

目的：分析澳門社區長者的社會支持、自我效能與自評健康狀祝的關係。方法:研究設計為非實驗性的相關性研究；通過多步驟抽樣程序於澳門的間社區長者中心召募符合入選條件的60歲及以上的長者作為研究對象，以面對面的方式進行訪談，成功完成有效問卷477份；問卷內容包括基本資料、感知健康能力量表、Lubben社會網絡量表（改良版）及長者對自身健康的總體評價等。結果：受訪者中有218人（45.7%）認為自身健康狀視是好及非常好的。二元邏輯迴歸分析結果顯示，社會支持足夠者自評健康為好及非常好的機率是社會支持不足者的1.83倍，而感知健康能力較好者自評健康為好及非常好的機率是感知健康能力較差者的1.55倍。結論：有足夠社會支持和較好自我效能的長者，其自評健康狀視為好及非常好的機率較高；表示要提升長者對自身健康的評價，不但可以藉由健康教育提高長者維護自身健康的能力，同時擴大長者的社會網絡亦是有效的方法。

關鍵字

社區長者 ； 社會支持 ； 自我效能 ； 自評健康

並列摘要

To analysis the relationship between social support, self efficacy and self-rated health of community elderly in Macau. Method: The correlation research design was used in this study. By a multi-stage sampling from 15 community elderly centers of Macau, 477 elderly aged 60 or above were interviewed. The questionnaire included demographic data, Perceived Health Competence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale (refinement version), the overall assessment of their own health of community elderly. Results: 218 elderly (45.7%) rated their own health as good and very good. The probability of having good health for those elderly who had enough social network and good self-efficacy was 1.83 times and 1.55 times higher than those who had not enough social network and poor self-efficacy. Conclusion: The elderly who rated their health as good and very good is relative high for those who having enough social support and good self-efficacy. Therefore, health professionals can improve the self care ability of elderly through health education. To increase the social network of elderly is also the effective way for promoting the self-rated health of community elderly in Macau.

並列關鍵字

community elderly ； social support ； self-efficacy ； self-rated health