從科技治理體系觀點省思新竹科學園區的治理困境

新竹科學園區雖已成為我國經濟成長的主要動力，但近年來所面臨的內在隱憂與外在挑戰逐漸出現，本文即試圖找出這些治理困境的病徵及成因。本文以科技治理體系觀點為基礎，先釐清節點型、部門型、十字型與統理型等四種不同科技治理體系的類型，並以此檢視台灣科技治理體系的特質，發現台灣不僅在建制上接近垂直與水平分工鏈都較長的十字型，實際的運作狀況卻更為複雜。其次，本文說明科學園區的類型及其與科技治理體系的關連性，並應用於新竹科學園區經驗中，發現新竹科學園區性質的轉變，造成水平分工上的脫節，從而衍生出本文所發現的管理機關定位不清、決策體系複雜化、政治介入空間增加、鄰避效應出現、資源分散不足等困境，唯有透過科技治理體系的重新安排，方能找出解決這些困境的有效途徑。

關鍵字

科技政策；科技治理體系；科學園區；新竹科學園區

並列摘要

Hsinchu Science Park has been the main engine of economic development in Taiwan, but the hidden troubles and external challenges appears gradually. The purpose of this article was trying to find the symptoms and causes of these governance predicaments. Based on the perspective of science and technology governance system, this article clarified four types of science and technology governance system, including nodal type, reverse T-type, cross type, and T-type. And then the article categorized the science and technology governance system in Taiwan, and found it's a much more complicated system than cross type that has long chains division pf labor in vertical and horizontal dimensions. After that, the article illuminated the types of Science Park and analyzed the relationship between Science Park and science and technology governance system. For Hsinchu Science Park, the derailment between changing type of Science Park and established management system of Science Park caused the predicaments including vague orientation of Science Park management agency, complication of decision system, intervention of political power, NIMBY effect, diffusion and deficit of necessary resources. The article suggested that the solutions for these predicaments may depend on the re-arrangement of science and technology governance system.