“單位照顧”(unit care)模式的環境建構與實踐理念之探討

Discussion on the Environmental Construction and Practical Ideas of "Unit Care" Service Model

莊秀美(Hsiu-Mei Chuang)

《臺大社會工作學刊》 16期 (2008/01) Pp. 87-127

https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr2008.16.03

摘要

日本自1970年代初期成為高齡化社會以來，即致力發展照顧服務模式。21世紀初，基於「單位照顧」(unit care)理念的「單位型特別養護老人院」被納入長期照顧制度的一環，帶動了照顧服務模式的革新發展。
近年來，成為日本照顧服務模式發展趨勢之最的「單位照顧」亦吸引國內照顧服務團體的高度關注。本文茲以「單位照顧」為焦點，探討日本「單位照顧」的歷史發展過程、制度法規、實踐理念、實施現況等相關議題，並提出日本經驗對國內發展之啟示與建議。
本文針對國內推動「單位照顧」的建議如下：首先是「應用範圍的考量」，包括「單位照顧」的定位及照顧費用的財源籌措、給付標準的建立、部分負擔比例的調整等。其次是「適用對象的評估」，老人的個性、健康等是決定「單位照顧」實施成功與否的重要關鍵，因此建議應建立入住者評估指標。最後是「落實達成之條件」，必須調整合理的薪資給付並建立完整的研習制度，以提高照顧服務員的留任意願與照顧能力。

關鍵字

單位照顧 ； 環境建構 ； 實踐理念

並列摘要

For the rising of demand in the aged welfare, the long-term care service model has changed a lot in recent years. The care models for the elderly have been developed gradually since 1970s.. In the beginning of 21 centuries, one of long-term care policy, the ”new nursing home for elderly” based on the ”unit care” ideas has reframed the long-term care service model. ”New nursing home for elderly” is a ”small scale life unit” type of nursing home, whose characters include ”single room”, ”pay for housing rent”, and ”the small group unit care (Unit Care)”. The ”Unit Care” is not only popular care service model in Japan; it also attracts attention in Taiwan in the recent year. This article will enrich the debates of ”Unit Care”, which can improve the understanding of ”Unit Care” model in Taiwan.
This article will help us to understand the practical experiences of ”Unit Care” in Japan, and thinking the implement of the ”Unit Care” service model for elderly in Taiwan.
The following issues were discussed in the article:
1. The analysis on the developmental background of ”Unit Care” service model in Japan, which has impacted ”group home” and the practice of long-term Care Insurance System.
2. The law system, environmental construction and practical ideas of ”Unit Care” were discussed.
3. The states of ”Unit Care” service model focused on the development of advancing care service in the nursing homes.
4. The effects of the ”Unit Care” on the practices field in nursing home were introduced.
5. The suggestions in the practice of ”Unit Care” were provided for Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

it care ； environmental construction ； practical ideas

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