集集地震中志願服務初探

若將災難視為社會事件，那麼災難的預防與因應則需考慮各社會單位間的相互合作，志工正是因應災難的最重要動力之一，若我們對此份人力資源有更充分的瞭解，將有助於臺灣社會對於災難的預防與因應規畫的設計。本研究主要探討三個研究問題：(1)921震災中，志工參與者的特徵為何？(2)相較於一般的志願服務行為，災難中的志願服務行為是否有不同的參與決策因素？(3)災難是否會影響人們未來志願服務投入之意願？本研究發現，921震災中並無志工人力匯集狀況，但在其它慈善行為（捐錢、血、物資）則有明顯匯集現象。此一匯集現象，雖對災民有益，但亦引發了其它非賑災慈善資源被抽離的狀況。至於災難志願服務行為的決策因素則包括：情境條件、能力條件等二大類，但災難中的志願服務行為與平時的志願服務行為間有替代性關係存在，且此種因情境條件所引致的慈善行為，對臺灣民眾志願行為的影響力，是隨時間而快速減弱。最後，本研究發現災難志願服務行為對非災區居民來說僅是日常志願服務行為的延伸，對災區居民雖然短期影響很深，但長期而言，對既定公民參與模式的影響則不太明顯。

關鍵字

志願服務；災難；公民參與

並列摘要

If disasters are viewed as the social events, the prevention of disasters and disaster rescue should take the cooperation among different social units into consideration. Also, volunteers are one of the most important forces of disaster rescue. The rich knowledge on the human resources of volunteering will be helpful for the design of the prevention of disasters and disaster rescue. Therefore, my study is focused upon three research questions: (1) After the 921 earthquake, what attributes do the volunteers who engage in the disaster rescue works hold? (2) In comparison to the general volunteer works, what different factors affect people's decisions of participating into the disaster rescue volunteer works? (3) Will disasters have impact upon people's future willingness to involve in volunteer works? In conclusion, after the 921 earthquake, there is no convergence among the human resources of volunteers, but among other philanthropic resources, such as money donation, blood donation and other necessity donation, the convergence is evident. Although the disaster victims take the advantages from the convergence of the resources, the convergence provoke the deduction of the resources used in other non-earthquake-disaster rescue philanthropic activities. Secondly, the factors that affect people's decisions of participating into the disaster rescue volunteer work can be separated into two categories: the situation conditions, and the capability conditions. However, there is trade-off between the disaster rescue volunteer work and the other general volunteer work. And as the time passes by, the philanthropic behavior induced by the situation conditions has less and less influence upon people's willingness to involve in volunteer works. Finally, my study finds that for the people outside the disaster area, the disaster rescue volunteer works are just the extension of their ordinary volunteer works. Although in the short term, it has deep impact upon the residents of the disaster area, in the long term, it has no significant influence on the existing civic engagement model.