公所基層人員執行「馬上關懷」急難救助的困難與調適：五位實務工作者的經驗

臺灣在1980年制定通過社會救助法，急難救助正式被納入臺灣社會救助體系。由於社會經濟情勢需要，執政當局額外提出不同急難救助方案，例如2008年訂定「馬上關懷」急難救助，審核方式為村、里長（或幹事）、地區公所實務工作者搭配民間單位完成，由於政策規劃特殊，預期福利輸送過程將遭遇多元困難，這些難處與調適成為本文研究重心。我們先整合學界觀點及媒體報導，發掘實務困境，訪問五位實務工作者，獲得對議題的看法。結果發現，政策具備多元通報、在地救助、快速訪視與核發等優點；也有時間急迫、人力不足、媒體、績效與政治壓力等問題。最後，我們建議運用更多社工發揮專業，避免政策淪為「審查與蓋章」工具。

關鍵字

社會救助；急難救助；馬上關懷

並列摘要

Since the Taiwan government's passage of the Public Assistance Act in 1980, emergency assistance has been officially considered a part of Taiwan's social assistance system. Because of the social and economic situation changed, people's need may not be satisfied at the same time, the ruling party proposed new emergency assistance programs. An example is the Urgent Care System, which was established in 2008. Village directors and street-level bureaucrats employed by local city councils, as well as executives at district offices and non-governmental organizations, were responsible for implementing the system. As the policy specifications were very detailed, various difficulties were expected to be encountered during the implementation of the Urgent Care System. The key objective of the authors' study was to understand these difficulties and the adaptive solutions for them. First, news reports and the views of scholars were accessed to provide insight into the difficulties faced by the executives running the system. Using this information as background, the authors then interviewed five of these executives to obtain their first-hand perspectives. The study results show that the Urgent Care System has several advantages such as good provision of assistance at the local level, timely interviews, and a good evaluation mechanism. However, there were also problems, such as time pressure on staff, insufficient manpower, difficulties in interacting with the media, poor performance by achievements inspection, and political pressure. The authors recommend increasing the number of social workers because of their professional skills and knowledge. Doing so would prevent the system from devolving into a tool for ”verification and rubber-stamping.”