視神經炎之航空醫學考量

人類空間定向能力，以視覺最為重要。視神經炎為常以單側視力缺損合併眼球疼痛表現之炎症，病因除少數為惡性腫瘤、壓迫、外傷、遺傳疾病、代謝疾病所造成，主因為自體免疫異常導致的多發性硬化症。多發性硬化症造成的視神經炎以青壯年族群為主要好發族群，且存在日後發展成為其他神經系統產生去髓鞘病變之危險性，及對立體視覺、明暗對比、辨色能力皆有可能造成之影響，目前仍未有快速有效又安全的療法。對飛行員而言，尤其是青壯年剛結束官校課業踏入飛行線的年輕學官，視神經炎導致視力惡化以及不定時可能復發的威脅，都是對飛安的危害以及無法估計的訓練成本考量。本文將探討視神經炎之臨床表現及對於飛行的影響，比較國內外軍民航教範對於視神經炎的缺點免計考量，以及目前醫療發展對於視神經炎治療的展望。

關鍵字

視神經炎；多發性硬化症；缺點免計；航空醫學考量

並列摘要

Most of the human's three-dimensional spatial orientation relies on intact visual function. Impaired visual function due to disease and the unpredictable risk of relapse would pose a threat to aviation safety. Optic neuritis is an inflammatory disorder presented as unilateral visual defect combined with peri-orbital tenderness. The most common underlying cause is an autoimmune-related demyelinating process, other pathogenesis include malignancy, compression, trauma, familial, metabolic diseases or idiopathic inflammation response. The disease is most prevalent in young adults (ages 20 to 40) and the visual function including stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and color vision are often impaired. Efficient, safe and curative treatment has yet to be established. Our article will focus on the nature and aeromedical impact of optic neuritis. The aeromedical manual and waiver guide of domestic and foreign countries will be put into comparison.

並列關鍵字

optic neuritis ； multiple sclerosis ； waiver ； aeromedical consideration

國際替代計量

視神經炎之航空醫學考量

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