高傳染性病患空中醫療轉送介紹

Aeromedical Evacuation of Patients with Potentially Contagious Diseases

李偉平(Wei-Ping Li) ； 吳怡臻(Yi-Chen Wu) ； 林于庭(Yu-Ting Lin) ； 鄒宜芳(Yi-Fang Tsou)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 32卷1&2期 (2018/12) Pp. 97-102

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSROC.201812_32(1_2).0010

摘要

空中醫療轉送係將病患自資源不足的地區，快速轉送至專責醫院治療，轉送過程中由航空護理師進行照護，高傳染性疾病患者，除疾病照護外，還需考量病患隔離、感染控制、防護裝備、廢棄物處理及清潔消毒等。雖然高傳染性疾病屬空中醫療轉送中較少見的案例，但因空中作業環境及設備有限，眾多機組人員、乘客、病患同時暴露於一密閉環境，加上高傳染性疾病的致死率不容忽視，因此高傳染病病患空中轉送的隔離措施尤為重要。我國空中醫療轉送制度依照《空中救護作業手冊》執行，內容包含機下檢傷評估、航空生理、急重症之航程照護要領等，以確保病患、機組人員及乘客之安全。文中亦探討國內、外轉送實務案例，了解各國所使用之隔離艙及照護原則，以提升此類患者空中轉送的專業知能，並增進日後空中轉送之照護品質。

關鍵字

高傳染性疾病 ； 空中轉送 ； 航空護理

並列摘要

The aeromedical evacuation can transfer patients from rural areas or medial resource deficient areas to specialized medical institutions for treatment quickly. The en route care is carried out by the flight nurses and trained medical technicians. If the patient was diagnosed with potentially contagious disease, in addition to regular care, isolation protection, infection control, personal protective equipment, waste disposal, cleaning and disinfection after transfer need planning in advance. Although aeromedical evacuation of patients with highly contagious diseases are rare, due to the limited working environment and medical equipment in the air, crew members, passengers, and patients are exposed to the same confined environment, making infection with highly contagious diseases a real threat. Therefore the isolation measures during air transport of patients with high infectious diseases are particularly important. In the military system of our country, aeromedical evacuation is implemented in accordance with the ＂Air Medical Transport Operation Manual＂, which includes injury assessment before boarding, aviation physiological impact, and aeromedical evacuation management of acute patients to ensure the safety of crew members and passengers. The article also presents cases of domestic and international aeromedical evaluation of patients with highly infectious diseases, and discusses the similarities and differences between the compartments and care used in different countries. Hopefully, nursing professions in Taiwan can enhance the knowledge of aeromedical evacuation of patients with infectious diseases, and also improve the quality of care in the future.

並列關鍵字

flight nursing ； air medical transport ； contagious infections ； aeromedical evacuation