環境建構對於身體活動影響之關聯

Effectiveness of Built Environment in Physical Activities Promotion

余思賢(Szu-Hsien Yu) ； 莊喬媛(Ciao-Yuan Chuang) ； 田以安(Yi-An Tien) ； 葉丁鵬(Ding-Peng Yeh)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 18期 (2019/07) Pp. 222-240

摘要

身體活動量不足已經成為全球的健康問題之一，不僅造成多種身心理疾病與提升死亡率，亦對於經濟帶來極大的負面影響。而環境建構在身體活動的促進理論與實務中具有深遠的影響，而本研究目的為整理國內外與環境建構中環境可步行性、自行車專用道設置、公園綠地與運動設施與身體活動之相關性之研究進行討論與比較。統整結果如下：（1）居住於步行友善環境越高的地區，其居民通勤步行身體活動的時間或比率也隨之提升；（2）設置自行車專用道有助於提升使用自行車進行通勤的意願，但是其對於身體活動量提升的關聯還有待更多研究證實；（3）住家附近的公園綠地面積與居民身體活動相關之研究結果仍然分歧，可能的原因為公園並非身體活動進行的主要場所，且天氣、設施等都為可能的影響因子；（4）儘管多項以地理資訊系統的研究顯示住家附近運動場館數目會影響身體活動。儘管如此，但也有相反的研究結果，推測可能為受試者人數、運動設施種類與收費制度之影響；（5）我國環境建構有關之政策仍缺乏身體活動增加效益之評估。根據這樣的文獻探討可以提供給我國都市計畫、體育、健康主管機關進行政策檢討與研擬之參考。

關鍵字

步行友善環境 ； 公園綠地 ； 運動設施

並列摘要

Physical inactivity has become a global health issue. It not only causes increased mortality rates, but also has negative effects on economic and public policy. The built environment deeply influences prevalence of physical activity. This article provides an introductory review of the literature containing 4 areas of the built environment namely, walkability, bike pathways, green space and sport facilities, and how these relate to physical activity levels. This review has numerous findings. (1) Residents who live in high-walkability areas spent more time walking as their mode of transportation. (2) The intended benefit of constructing bike pathways is to encourage the use of bikes for transportation, but the relationship between construction of bike pathways and the resulting change in total physical activity is not clear. (3) The research findings vary with regard to the relationship between parks and green spaces, and residents' physical activity, because in some cultures parks are not the primary location for physical activity due to climatic conditions and availability of facilities. (4) Many studies using Geographic Information System (GIS) found that the number of neighborhood sport facilities has positively influences physical activity. However, there are some contrary results. We speculate it was affected by categories of sport facilities and their payment systems. (5) There have been no policy influencing studies in Taiwan to evaluate the benefit of built environment improvements on physical activity. The result of this review can be used as guidance for government divisions of urban planning, physical education and health authorities.

並列關鍵字

Walkability ； Ppark and greenspace ； Sports facilities

參考文獻

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