論中國民間宗教及其與佛教的關係－以白蓮教、羅教爲例

On Chinese Folk Religions and Its Relations with Buddhism-By the Example of the White Lotus Sect and the Luo Sect

徐小跃(Xiao-Yue Xu)

《新世紀宗教研究》 2卷3期 (2004/03) Pp. 35-60

摘要

中國民間宗教，大多是佛道二教世俗化以後的變種，因此與二教有著這樣那樣的淵源關係。但由於不同民間宗教在對待這重關係上存在著很大的差異性，使得它們從不同方面，發揮和轉化著佛道二教的思想來為自己所用。從中國民間宗教發展來看，絕大部分民間宗教，在強烈感受社會壓迫和人生苦難的前提下，以極大的熱情去汲取佛道思想，創建它們的教理教義。然而，由於欲擺脫壓迫和苦難的方式的不同，使得中國民間宗教走著兩條有別的路徑：一是注重對現實社會的反抗和鬥爭，一是注重對人的精神及生命的超越和解脫。以白蓮教為主要代表的中國民間宗教諸派走的是前一條道路，而由山東人士羅夢鴻創立的羅教走的是後一條道路。

關鍵字

中國民間宗教 ； 佛教 ； 白蓮教 ； 羅教

並列摘要

Chinese folk religions are mostly transformations of popular versions of Buddhism or Daoism and have fundamental connections with these two religions in various ways. But because different folk religions have different attitudes toward their connections to Buddhism or Daoism, they expand and transform different aspects of the two religions and draw for their own use. The developmental history of Chinese folk religions shows that the majority of folk religions, with the acute feeling of social oppressions and life's sufferings, absorb with great enthusiasm the Buddhism philosophy to construct their own principles and teachings. However, because of the different means of ridding off the oppressions and sufferings, there are two distinct paths that Chinese folk religions follow: one concentrates on the rebellion and combat against the real world, the other concentrates on the transcendence and liberation of man's spirit and life. The other Chinese folk religions, represented by the White Lotus sect, followed the former, whereas the Luo sect founded by Shandong man Luo, Meng hong followed the latter.

並列關鍵字

Chinese folk religions ； Buddhism ； the White Lotus sect ； the Luo sect

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