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宗教信仰與心理諮商-基督教與佛教的初步比較

Religious and Psychological Counseling-A Tentative Comparison between Christianity and Buddhism

摘要


宗教本身就具有相當強的「心理諮商與治療」的性格。若我們從歷史文化的角度,大體上可以將全部心理治療分成兩大類:「宗教-巫術」的和「經驗-科學」的。我們今天要探討宗教信仰與心理諮商的關係,這個問題在傳統上絕不是問題,因為長久以來宗教團體一直都具有心理諮商與治療的重要功能。真正需要討論的問題是諮商員要把宗教放到哪一個程序之中,以及在諮商中如何嚴格適當地維持一定的「諮商一被諮商」的關係份際。本文將從與宗教心理諮商相關的流派(包括案主中心學派、存在主義與意義治療、超個人心理學),心理諮商的基本概念(「閉顯」、「設釋」與「導引」)、以及宗教信仰對於心理諮商的優勢(神職人員本身象徵的力量、教牧的主動性、既有的個人關係、方便性及信仰團體的價值性、宗教思想層面的觀點)來探討兩者的關係,同時對於佛教進行心理諮商,從「理論」與「實際操作」層面提出一些實際的建議。

關鍵字

心理治療 心理諮商 教牧關懷 開顯 詮釋 導引 緣起觀 中觀 空觀 內觀療法 自我 禪修

並列摘要


Religion has a very strong characteristic of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. From the viewpoint of historic-culture, there are two types in most of psychotherapy: ”religion-wizardry” and ”experienced-science”. Today, we will study the relation of religion. It isn't absolutely a problem in tradition because the religious groups always have the function of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. All we need to discuss is in which procedure does a consultant put the religion to, and how to help a ”consult & consulted” distance of relation strictly in the produce of consulting. The text will discuss these problems from the viewpoint of some important counseling schools about religion, such as Client-Centered Therapy, Existentialism and Logotherapy, and Transpersonal psychology. And to introduce the common concepts of psycho-consult (disclosure, interpretation, guiding). And to show the priority of psycho-consult of religion (symbolization power of priest, the initiative of pastor, the previous personal relation, the convenience and value of belief groups, the thinking of religion). We will give some suggestions from the theoretical and practical-operative level when someone needs psycho-consult from the viewpoint of Buddha.

參考文獻


Allport, G. W.(1950).The Individual and His Religon: A Psychological Interpretatio.New York:Macmillan.
Berne, E.(1961).Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy.New York:Grove Press.
Corsini, R. J.(Ed.),Wedding, D.(Ed.)(1989).Case Studies in Psychotherapies.Itasca, IL:F. E. Peacock.
Carter, J. D.,Narramore, B.(1979).The Integration of Psychology and Theology.Grand Rapids, Michigan:Zondervan.
Clinebell, H.(1988).Basic types of Pastoral care & Counselin.Nashville:Abingdon Press.

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胡丹毓(2012)。基督徒心理師之信仰對諮商工作的影響〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315305728
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