冷戰局勢下的台港文學交流－以1955年「十萬青年最喜閱讀文藝作品測驗」的典律化過程為例

五○年代台灣和香港兩地文壇的互通樣貌，是研究台港文學交流非常重要的課題之一，也是任何研究此一時期的研究者所必須面對的關鍵議題。本文從五○年代台灣文學場域中最具代表性的文藝票選活動－1955年由中國青年寫作協會策劃「十萬青年最喜閱讀文藝作品測驗」，來探討台港文學交流一個重要的側面。這份票選書單中有四部作品是由香港出版社所出版，其中張愛玲《秧歌》與趙滋蕃《半下流社會》的出版模式以及產銷型態，也揭示出作為冷戰布局一環之香港此一特殊空間的仲介位置，以及對台灣形成的關鍵性影響。重新討論這份票選書單產生的過程，除了必須掌握典律作品和典律化閱讀的關係，也揭示出典律作品與特定社會文化環境的互動，特別是經典構成的因素與冷戰局勢下全球結構之間的密切關係。本論述藉此探究台灣文學與香港文學在自主性的主體意識與本土經驗之外，有何相似的歷史經驗與發展軌跡？並嘗試將五○年代港台文化場域的若干特質作一整體性探討。

關鍵字

冷戰局勢；台港文學交流； 1955年十萬青年最喜閱讀文藝作品測驗；美元援文化；典律

並列摘要

To understand the literary fields of Taiwan and Hong Kong in the 1950s respectively, it is inevitable to investigate the literary exchanges between these two regions. This paper attempts to investigate one aspect of such exchanges through ”The Opinion Poll for the Most Favorite Literary Works by One Hundred Thousand of Youths” held in 1955 by The Chinese Youth Association for Creative Writing. The resulted list of the most favorite books includes four works published by Hong Kong publishers and among these works, the publication of Eileen Chang's The Rice-spout Song and Zhao Zi-Fan's Halfway-Down Society suggests Hong Kong as a mediating space in the political and military system of the Cold War and the crucial role Hong Kong played in constructing and shaping Taiwan's literary field. This paper thus wishes to articulate the relationships between canonization and readership as well as between canonical works and cultural milieu, especially the constitution of the canon and the global structure of the Cold War. Besides examining the subjectivities of and local experiences represented in Taiwan and Hong Kong literatures from a comparative standpoint, this paper also discusses the characteristics of the literary fields of Taiwan and Hong Kong in the 1950s and compares their historical experiences and trajectories that these two places has fellowed.