西方“政治”概念之分析

An Analysis of the Concept of the Political in the West

江宜樺(Yi-Huah Jiang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 12期 (2005/03) Pp. 1-57

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532005030012001

摘要

本文從「概念史」的角度切入，分析西方歷史上幾種關於「政治」概念的典範性界定，並討論「政治」概念最常涉及的若干問題。文章的第一節交待「概念史」研究方法的意旨。第二節以亞里斯多德、霍布斯、韋伯為代表，分析西方古代、近代與現代「政治」概念的內涵。第三節討論當代四種比較突出的政治概念：許密特的決斷論、鄂蘭的多元論、羅爾斯的公共理性論、以及慕芙的基進民主論。第四節綜合討論若干與政治概念有關的問題，如政治領域如何區分？政治活動特質為何？政治是否必然涉及支配？等等。最後，作者嘗試提出經驗性以及規範性的「政治」定義，並強調進一步探究不同文化「政治」概念的重要性。

關鍵字

政治 ； 亞里斯多德 ； 霍布斯 ； 韋伯 ； 許密特 ； 鄂蘭 ； 羅爾斯 ； 慕芙

並列摘要

The article tries to analyze the concept of the political in the West by way of examining and comparing some of the most influential definitions provided by political theorists. I will begin with an explanation of the method used in my inquiry, i.e., the method of conceptual history. Secondly, I make a comparison between Aristotle, Hobbes and Max Weber, regarding them as the representatives of ancient and modern theorization of the political. It is followed by an examination of four contemporary political thinkers: Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt, John Rawls and Chantal Mouffe. Then I discuss a few important questions associated with the concept of the political, such as how to demarcate the boundary of the political, what constitutes the essential characteristics of political activity, whether or not politics is intertwined with domination, etc. In the conclusion I provide with tentative definitions of the political, both empirical and normative; and emphasize the significance of exploring the same concept in nonwestern cultures.

並列關鍵字

the political ； Aristotle ； Hobbes ； Weber Schmitt ； Arendt ； Rawls ； Mouffe

參考文獻

Keyt, David,Fred D. Miller(1991).(A Companion to Aristotle`s Politics).

Villa, Dana(1992).Postmodernism and the Public Sphere.(American Political Science Review).

Arendt, Hannah(1968).(Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought).

Arendt, Hannah(1972).(Crises of the Republic).

Weber, Max(1978).by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich.(Economy and Society).