兩岸經濟合作與經濟安全化：與ECFA有關爭議的分析

Taiwan-China Economic Cooperation and Economic Securitization: Analyzing the Debates Surrounding the ECFA

林挺生(Ting-Sheng Lin)

《全球政治評論》 45期 (2014/01) Pp. 65-86

摘要

台灣在東亞經濟整合風潮中的缺席被視為台灣經濟成長停頓的原因之一。因此，從馬英九當選以來，便積極推動兩岸經貿交往的正常化，ECFA就是這個策略的重要一步。從哥本哈根學派的安全化理論出發，本文嘗試分析ECFA協商過程中出現的正反兩套論述。在安全化的操作過程中，明確定義威脅的存在是最重要的步驟之一，直接影響到安全化行動者要求的特定措施的正當性基礎。本文從正方的論述開始，對其宣稱的「邊緣化危機」加以分析，並根據細分之後的三個威脅的層次辨識出各自的指涉對象；隨後依正方的順序提出反方的論述，並將正反方的相互攻防置於特定的台灣政治社會背景脈絡中加以理解。正反雙方的論述都包含了簡化的二分邏輯與武斷的推論兩個特點。這兩個特點的存在，正是公共議題從政治化向安全化轉向的重要指標。

關鍵字

安全化 ； 區域經濟整合 ； 中國 ； 自由貿易協議 ； 哥本哈根學派

並列摘要

Absence of Taiwan in the trend of regional economic integration in East Asian is considered as one of the reasons causing Taiwan's economic stagnation. Thus, Ma Ying-jeou's priority was to promote the normalization of economic relations between Taiwan and Mainland after he won the 2008 election, the ECFA is the most important step of his strategy. Using the Copenhagen School's securitization theory, this paper analyzes two rival discourses appearing in Taiwan during the ECFA negotiations. Attesting affirmatively the existence of threat is one of the most essential elements of securitization; it affects directly the legitimate foundation of the extraordinary measures claimed by securitizing actor. Starting from the ECFA supporters' discourse, we analyze the ”danger of marginalization” as the main existential threat, and then we divide it into three strands in order to identify separately their referent objects. We also present, follow the same order, the adversary's discourse and analyze the debates surrounding two discourses in the setting of Taiwan's particular socio-political context. Both discourses contain flaws such as simplified dichotomy and arbitrary judgment that are principle characteristics of the transformation from politicization to securitization.

並列關鍵字

Securitization ； Regional Economic Integration ； China ； Free Trade Agreement ； Copenhagen School