菲律賓憲政體制變革之可行性分析

「總統制」雖然已在菲律賓實行多年，但是該體制卻在「後馬可仕時期」遭遇嚴峻的挑戰。誠然，自1986年新憲法制頒之後，總統的權力便大幅限縮。除此之外，還須面對來自國會的刻意挑戰，因此大部分的總統都曾企圖以「議會制」來取代之。雖然該企圖在國會、法院和各種人民團體的反對下而屢遭挫敗，但是卻已經引發外界的爭相質疑和論辯。職是之故，爲釐清上述的爭議，本文擬就憲政體制的有關理論，探討「總統制」在菲律賓的運作概況，並同時剖析「議會制」在菲律賓的可行性以及對我們的啟示。

關鍵字

菲律賓；憲政體制；總統制；議會制；後馬可仕時期

並列摘要

It is well known that even though Presidentialism has long been the element that shapes the political landscape in the Philippines, it has been facing, during the post- Marcos era, extreme challenges. To begin with, the regime in question has long been facing challenges from Congress. A second source of pressure comes from the presidents themselves. The new constitutional 1987 enactment has greatly diminished presidential power and has led most subsequent presidents to seek the alteration of the current regime. The intention of the presidents to replace Presidentialism with Parliamentarism has nonetheless been fruitless. Not only have such intentions been often boycotted by the court, Congress and a variety of people's organizations, but they also have been debated over and queried by the entirety of the society in the Philippines. In order to comprehend these disputes, and examine the situation as far as the survival of Presidentialism is concerned, this author will utilize the theories of Constitutionalism. In doing so, this article seeks to shed light on the situation as well as provide a careful re-examination regarding the feasibility of Parliamentarianism in the Philippines.