政府資助地方族群型非營利組織之影響－客家社團的多個案研究

The Effects of Government Funding on Local Ethnic Nonprofit Organizations: The Multiple Case Studies of Hakka Organizations

孫煒(Way Sun)

《臺灣民主季刊》 16卷3期 (2019/09) Pp. 113-154

摘要

近年來在全球性政府再造的潮流下，政府運用經濟性政策工具資助非營利組織，無論在預算規模或政策領域皆明顯擴張。臺灣大多數地方族群型非營利組織的主要收入，也皆是來自於政府資助。本文設計一個政府資助影響地方族群型非營利組織之角色與功能的分析架構，並選擇桃園市中不同性質、規模、設立期間的代表性客家社團包括客家協會以及客家演藝團體，透過質性的經驗研究，深入探討政府資助對於客家社團在提供客家服務、激發創新作法等工具性角色，以及傳播客家價值、強化客家社會資本、提升公民參與、進行政策倡導等表達性角色上所形成的正面與負面的影響。本文總結研究發現得知：政府資助對於其角色產生顯著的「服務提供協力、價值倡議扈從」的影響，也就是說，政府資助直接地增強了客家社團傳承客家文化藝術的工具性角色，然而也間接地削弱了客家社團提供客家價值精神的表達性角色。短期而言，政府的資助確實有助於地方族群型非營利組織提供豐富多元且創新的公共服務，但就長期而言，政府資助也降低地方族群型非營利組織的自主性並產生資源依賴，降低了族群回應性以及族群事務的倡議能力，而不利於培養成熟的公民社會。

關鍵字

政府資助 ； 地方族群型非營利組織 ； 客家社團 ； 客家協會 ； 客家演藝團體

並列摘要

Under the trend of global government reengineering in recent years, governmental use of economic policy tools to fund non-profit organizations has increased significantly whether in budget size or policy scope. In Taiwan, the main income of local ethnic nonprofit organizations come from government funding. This article constructs an analytical framework to examine the impact of government funding on the roles and functions of local ethnic nonprofit organizations. Representative Hakka Organizations (Hakka associations and Hakka performing arts groups) with different attributes, scale and length of establishment in Taoyuan City are selected as study subjects. Through qualitative empirical research, the positive and negative impact of government funding for Hakka organizations to provide Hakka services, stimulate innovative tools and other instrumental roles, spread Hakka values, strengthen Hakka social capital, enhance citizen participation, conduct expression roles such as policy advocacy were examined. Based on the findings of the empirical research, in terms of service-providing collaboration but advocacy bandwagoning, government funding has a significant impact on their roles. In other words, government funding directly enhances the instrumental role of Hakka organizations in transmitting Hakka cultural and art heritage. However, the expressive role of conveying Hakka values and spirit is also indirectly weakened. In conclusion, the article found that in the short term, government funding has a positive impact on helping local ethnic non-profit organizations provide richer, more diversified and more innovative public services. However, in the long run, government funding may also reduce the autonomy of local ethnic non-profit organizations and generate resource dependence, thereby undermining their ethnic responsiveness and advocates in ethnic affairs.

並列關鍵字

Government Funding ； Local Ethnic Nonprofit Organization ； Hakka Organizations ； Hakka Association ； Hakka performing arts groups

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