從孫子慎戰思想論我國家戰略應有體認與作為

Analyzing Republic of China's National Strategy from Sun-Tzu's "Cautious War" Thought

謝之鵬(Chih-Peng Hsieh)

《國防雜誌》 29卷1期 (2014/01) Pp. 23-41

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2014.29(1).2

摘要

孫子思想為著眼贏得戰爭，且更須謀求長遠和平的「避戰」、「慎戰」與「能戰」的戰爭哲學。《孫子兵法》以「始計」為始至「用間」為止，將用兵中各個環節，論述細密而周全，其戰略思想以「安國全軍」為目標，「不戰而屈人之兵」為最高指導原則，而此一思想，乃源自中國儒家傳統「慎戰」戰爭觀。國家戰略為建立國力，藉以創造與運用有利狀況之藝術，俾在爭取國家目標時，能獲得最大之成功公算與有利之效果。它以追求國家永續生存、發展為最高目標，力求不戰而屈人的戰略效果，並隨安全環境而調整戰略發展的目標、方法、手段（資源）要素間之平衡。從戰略規劃、決策、指導來看，國家戰略應以慎戰為首，包含從慎戰、弭戰到「非危不戰」的平戰指導；其次是「經之以五事」「校以七計」，建立綜合國力，以從事戰爭準備的作為；最後則是為戰爭指導創勢，以達不戰而屈人之兵。

關鍵字

慎戰 ； 國家戰略 ； 不戰而屈人之兵 ； 五事七計

並列摘要

Sun-Tzu's philosophy focuses not only on winning wars, but also on seeking long-term peace by avoiding unnecessary battles, cautiously waging any wars and sufficiently preparing for potential conflicts. His excellent work, ”The Art of War” depicts the ”laying plans” in the beginning and the ”using intelligence and spy” at the final chapter. All the details of war preparation and launch are very considerate and complete in the book. The ultimate objective of his strategic thinking is to preserve the security of any country and armed forces. Furthermore, the highest guiding principle and utmost excellence is to break the enemy's resistance without any fighting. This thought comes from the traditional Chinese ”Cautious War” thought. A national strategy is to build up its comprehensive national powers. Applying above powers, a country can create and utilize favoring conditions in seeking its national objectives under greatest odds of success. In addition, Sun-Tzu's thought is to pursue the sustainment, survivability and development of a country as its highest goal. Based on the concept of winning enemies without any wars, a country has to adjust its ends, ways and means according to the current security environment and strategic development. From the stance of strategic planning, decision-making and guidance, the ”Cautious War” philosophy should be the main core of any national strategy. The guidance of either war or peace sequentially includes the thoughts of a cautious war, termination of a war, and only fighting under a very dangerous situation. Secondly, accessing the five elements and seven conditions before waging any war and building-up the integration of national powers both are the primary preparation for any war. Finally, the ”creation of initial war guidance” and the ”winning your enemy without launching any war” are the main strategy.

並列關鍵字

Cautious War ； National Strategy ； supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting ； 5 Elements & 7 Fundamental Conditions