王船山莊學之研究－論“神”的核心意義

王船山是明末清初之思想家，在中國思想史上，佔有一席之地。然而，船山以一介大儒解通莊書，其究竟開顯出何種義理思想？根據王敔所論，「其神凝」乃是「一部南華大旨」，不過所論僅止於此，無疑是想當然而之言。正緣此由，本文企圖以系統性的論証辨析，嘗試抉發「神」之核心意義。本文主要分從「從氣論神」與「以神爲核心樞紐」兩大主軸進行探究論証，在「從氣論神」的義理範疇中，揭櫫「神」的兩項重要內涵，其一是從氣論神而得之「普遍性」亦即神是人所共具者；其二則是氣雖承載神，然而神非等同於氣，神別具特殊義涵，此特殊性即指人道之彰顯，亦是天人合一之應然之自主能動性，此與「物」有顯然之差異。在「以神爲核心樞紐」的論証中，則從兩方面豁顯「神」的核心意義，其一是「神－心知－形」，此涉及人觀照自我之態度，即忘其所忘，不忘其所不忘，其二則是「神－明－知」，此涉及人觀照世界之方式，亦即對客觀知識限制之超越。吾人透過本文之論証，大致可勾勒船山莊學的基本梗概，亦即以「神」爲核心樞紐，進而架構出完整的義理系統。

關鍵字

王船山；莊子；神；氣

並列摘要

Wang Quan Shan, one of the most important Chinese philosophers, lived in the late Ming and Early Ch'ing period. As a great philosopher who tried to annotating Zhaung-zi's works, what kind of meaning did he enfold for us? According to Wang-yu's discussion, he thought ”qi shen ning” implied lots of meanings inside it. But he didn't continue to elaborate on his thought. For this reason, this paper tries to expound and analyze the crucial meaning of ”shen” systematically. This paper discusses Quan Shan's study from two main ways: discussing ”shen” from ”qi” and regarding ”shen” as the crucial pivot. From the former, we can see there are two important significances in ”shen”. One is “universality” is owned by all human being together. The other is ”qi” bears ”shen” but is not equal to ”shen”. ”Shen” has special meaning alone. Its specialty lies in manifestation of humanity. It separates human being from ”wu”(object). From the latter, we can find two meanings of ”shen”. One is ”shen-xinzhi-xing”. It refers to how humans look upon the self. The other is ”shen-ming-zhi”. It refers to how humans look upon the universe. Through this paper's elaboration, we can depict the basic gist of Wang Quan Shan's study of Zhuang-zi and then construct a complete system of meaning.

並列關鍵字

Wang Quan Shan Wang Fuzhi ； Zhuang-Zi ； shen ； qi

國際替代計量

王船山莊學之研究－論“神”的核心意義

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