王船山《詩廣傳》義理研究－以“由用證體”之“情”論“人道”的豁顯

事實上，王船山《詩廣傳》的論「情」或重「情」思維，前人研究已有諸多的探討及關注。不過，筆者所欲進一步追問的是，王船山《詩廣傳》爲何要突顯「情」？依據文本的義理思路來判斷，王船山所揭示之「情」，乃爲「由用證體」之「情」，此「情」實是攸關著「人道」的豁顯與否。正緣此故，本文對於《詩廣傳》的分析討論，旨在揭櫫王船山重「情」思維與「人道」的關係。至於相關論證析分爲二：首先是「從『體用』論『性情』」，透過「異中有同的性情論」及「同中有異的性情論」的討論，初步釐清王船山《詩廣傳》的性情論，與前人說法之同異。其次是「『情』賦予『人道』的貞定」，此階段藉由「積極肯定『情』－由『用』證『體』」及「論『情』與『人道』」的抉發，說明在王船山的義理思路之中，「性」作爲天所賦予者，固然是不能被漠視或取代；但是，其始終強調人之爲人必須關注於「人道」，而「情」既爲「性」之「動」或「用」，此「用」亦正是人道豁顯的真實呈現。

關鍵字

人道；王船山；用；性；情；詩廣傳；體

並列摘要

In Commentary for Book of Songs, Wang Quan Shan discussed and emphasized ”emotion”. But why did Wang purposefully manifest ”emotion”? According to this paper's exploration, the ”emotion” that Wang revealed is embedded in the use of the subject, and is concerned with whether humanity can be revealed. Thus, this paper attempts to discuss the relationship between emotion and humanity and can be divided into two parts. One part discusses disposition from the use of the subject. Through understanding everyone has partial different and indifferent disposition at the same time, we can distinguish Wang's theory of disposition from others'. The other part reveals the confirmation of humanity through emotion and illustrates that emotion is positively approved through the use of the subject and the revelation of the relationship between emotion and humanity. Through this paper's analysis, we learn that although disposition is naturally born, the important factor to being human is the revelation of humanity. Since emotion is the use and agency of disposition, the use is certainly the true display of the revelation of humanity.