論朱子疑辨〈書序〉之啟蒙淵源及其義理思維

朱子對〈書序〉之疑辨，一直被視為《尚書》辨偽史上的重要里程碑，但歷來對於朱子疑辨〈書序〉的內涵並未有充分討論。此文則從兩個方面對朱子疑〈書序〉問題再作探討，分別釐清朱子與吳棫的思想繼承關係，以及朱子運用義理方法來論證〈書序〉的得失。並得出兩項結論：第一，透過分析朱子論吳棫《書裨傳》相關書信之繫年，考察朱子疑〈書序〉思想並非承繼自吳棫，而是在胡宏基礎及自我思辨的過程中逐漸堅定對〈書序〉的懷疑。第二，分析朱子疑辨〈書序〉的相關條例，論證朱子主要是從義理價值的取向問題，認定〈書序〉非孔子所作，並指出朱子論證方法的主觀及其不足之處。

關鍵字

尚書；朱熹；書序；吳棫；考證

並列摘要

Chu-Hsi's (朱熹) skepticism on ”Su-Shi” (〈書序〉) had been considered as the important milestone of the history regarding the differentiation between true and false of The Book of History (《尚書》). But there is not much discussion in the history regarding the connotation of Chu-Hsi's skepticism on ”Su-Shi”. This essay probes into Chu-Hsi's Skepticism on ”Su-Shi” in two respects, one is to clarify the thinking inheritance between Chu-Hsi and Wu-yu (吳域), and the other is how Chu-Hsi logically expounds and proves the advantages and disadvantages of ”Su-Shi”. Two conclusions are made: First, by analyzing the related documents in which Chu-Hsi commented on Wu-yu's Su-Bi-Zhuan (《書裨傳》), it is proved that Chu-Hsi's Skepticism on ”Su-Shi” wasn't inherited from Wu-yu, but he gradually strengthened his skepticism on ”Su-Shi” during the process of self examination and on the basis of Hu-hon (胡宏). Second, the related regulations of Chu-Hsi's skepticism on ”Su-Shi” is analyzed in an attempt to prove that ”Su-Shi” was not written by Confucius from the point of how the logical value is taken. Also the subjective and insufficient ways Chu-Hsi expounded is indicated in this essay.