再探「那」和「那個」於言談中的分布與功能：以臺灣華語母語者口語語料庫為本

Rethinking the Functions of na and nage: A Corpus Study Based on Spoken Taiwan Mandarin

荊于庭(Yu-Ting Ching) ； 王萸芳(Yu-Fang Wang) ； 鄂貞君(Chen-Chun E) ； 謝奇懿(Chi-Yi Hsieh)

《興大人文學報》 68期 (2022/03) Pp. 109-152

摘要

華語「那」和「那個」原為表遠指的指示詞。在語法化過程後衍生出在話輪內或話輪轉換之際能服務說話者互動需求的標記性功能。文獻中雖已有不少關於「那」和「那個」作為言談標記的研究，但多是探討兩者各自於語篇中的分布和功能，對於兩者在何種語境下不能取代彼此的研究較少。在前人的研究基礎上，本研究以臺灣華語母語者於自然會話中產生之口語語料庫為本（總長度共1853分鐘），根據Halliday（1975,1985）的語言元功能理論分析「那」和「那個」作為言談標記的「語篇功能」和「人際功能」，最後使用Sperber與Wilson（1986/1995）關聯理論解釋它們在會話互動中的作用。作者分析與比較「那」和「那個」在語料中的分布和功能，並以實際語料說明在某些語境之下兩者雖然可以取代彼此，但所實現的語篇功能或人際功能並非完全等同，而有些語境則僅能使用兩者之中的一個、不能相互取代。本研究結果將能以臺灣母語者的口語語料為「那」和「那個」作為言談標記的相關研究和分析觀點進行補充。

關鍵字

言談標記 ； 語篇功能 ； 人際功能 ； 臺灣華語

並列摘要

Chinese distal demonstratives na(那) and nage (那個)have developed functions of discourse markers through grammaticalization to serve textual and pragmatic purposes, such as introducing a new topic, marking the change of topics, or acting as a filler in oral communication. Few studies, if not none in the literature, compared functions of na and nage at the same time. To fill the gap in the literature, this study adopts Halliday's (1975, 1985) theory on metafunctions of language to analyze textual and interpersonal functions of na and nage. Data were from a corpus of spoken Taiwan Mandarin. Research results show that na and nage behave similarly with respect to certain textual or interpersonal functions, but they also demonstrate different functions. By analyzing empirical data, we argue that na and nage cannot always replace each other in all cases, nor should they be treated alike as suggested by earlier studies. We also draw on Sperber and Wilson's (1986/1995) Relevance Theory to account for the role na and nage play in discourses and argue that the interpretation of the two discourse markers relies on the interaction between context and relevance. This study would contribute to the literature on Chinese demonstratives by showing eight functions in total of na and nage with the analysis grounded on a corpus of spoken Taiwan Mandarin.

並列關鍵字

discourse markers ； interpersonal function ； textual function ； Taiwan Mandarin

參考文獻

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