社群主義的社會資本論挑戰了都市化社會中個人主義累積文化資本即可成功的舊觀念。假設人脈網絡顯著影響學童學校教育表現,那麼社會資本可能是窮人翻身的利器。本文檢驗國小教育透過家長社會資本能否再製社會階層化,以自編家長填答的社會資本量表,含家庭、學校、社區三場域,以新舊移民混居的台南為調查母群,有效問卷825份。研究發現,社區社會資本與家庭社經背景無關,揭示各階層或新舊移民皆可開創社會資本的可能;家長社會資本對學童學業成就及學校適應具顯著預測力,證實Bourdieu認為社會資本具確定投資報酬率,而駁斥Coleman社會資本的回報不確定性,社會資本可傳遞可兌換,值得家長投資,但此結果也說明當前台灣社會階層化的現象足以經由家庭轉介到下一代的學校教育表現。
Communitarian social capitalism challenges the outdated idea that individuals succeed by reproducing social capital with networked individualism. In order to understand if social stratification reproduced primary schooling, this study examines the relationships among parental social capital, children's academic achievement and school adaptation. The researchers develop a Social Capital Scale for Parents and collected 825 validated questionnaires of sixth-grade students (with parents) from 34 primary schools in Tainan County. In conclusion, parental community social capital is non-significantly varied by family backgrounds, which discloses parents from all social stratums could create social capital; high parental social capital can predict students' high school adaptation and high academic achievement. This finding accepts Bourdieu's argument that the rate of return on social capital is certain, yet rejects Coleman's uncertain rate of return on social capital. The transferability of social capital is seen from parents to children as well as the transformability of social stratification.