論民主原則之圖像―以德國與美國法之民主正當性傳遞模式為借鏡

The Picture of Democratic Principle-Examining Democratic Legitimacy as the Center

張志偉(Chih-Wei Chang)

《中正大學法學集刊》 22期 (2007/05) Pp. 165-219

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.200705.0004

摘要

憲法第二條規定：「中華民國之主權屬於國民全體」揭示了我國憲法下國民主權原則之展現，但具體之國民意志如何傳遞並影響國家權力之行使，並非十分清晰。是以，本文立基於所有國家權力均同樣必須具備國民主權原則下之民主正當性，蓋我們無從承認說國家權力之中有所謂的「欠缺民主正當性之國家權力」。從而學理及比較法上雖有不同民主正當性之詮釋模式與傳遞路徑，但本文旨在於證立與詮釋在我國憲法下，究竟各個國家權力係如何回溯暨接受國民意志控制之傳遞模式和路徑，以摒棄「選舉是唯一的民主正當性途徑」之錯誤民主迷思。蓋完善之民主體制絕非僅止於定期改選而已，探求國家權力以何種方式回溯及於國民意志並對於國民負責；另方面，進而保障人民之政治自由與社會共識之建立，毋寧是我們必須加以追求並努力之所在。

關鍵字

大法官 ； 國民主權 ； 民主正當性傳遞路徑 ； 功能與制度之民主正當性 ； 組織與人事之民主正當性 ； 事物與內容之民主正當性 ； 程序參與 ； 選舉 ； 國民意志

並列摘要

Article Ⅱ of the ROC constitution states, ”The sovereignty of ROC belongs to nation”, which underlines the presence of popular sovereignty. However, how concrete ”popular will” delivers and influences the manipulation of state authority remains unclear. This article mainly describes the need of state authority to equip with democratic legitimacy under principle of popular sovereignty. It is not admitted literally the ”lack of democratic legitimacy” within the scope of state authority. Although diverse interpretative module and delivery path existing in theory and comparative law, the main purpose of this article lies in proving and interpreting how each state authority covers and accepts the delivery module and path controlled by popular will under ROC constitution, so as to abandon the false democratic myth that ”public referendum is the only path to reach democratic legitimacy”. Hence, a sound democratic system lays not merely in holding reelection periodically, but in seeking proper method to cover popular will under state authority, so as to take responsibility to the popular. Moreover, to protect popular political freedom and establish social consensus are the main goal to pursue.

並列關鍵字

democratic principle ； Grand Justice ； popular sovereignty ； legitimate way of circulating democratic ； legitimate way of function and the democratic system ； legitimate way of organization and human democratic