社會保險權利之憲法保障－以司法院大法官解釋為中心

Constitutional Protection of the Right to Social Insurance-Focus on the Interpretation of the Justices of the Constitutional Court

林炫秋(Hsien-Chiu Lin)

《中正大學法學集刊》 24期 (2008/05) Pp. 297-353

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.200805.0006

摘要

本文主要是探討社會保險權利在憲法中所受的保障。首先，分別由國際人權憲章與公約，以及國際勞工公約，探討其中有關保障社會保險權利的規定；接著探討我國憲法對社會保險權利的保障，究竟是依據社會安全基本國策或是基本權的條款？限制社會保險權利的憲法界限為何？最後討論憲法的保障如何具體落實到立法層面？依據諸多國際人權公約的明文規定，社會保險權利是一種具有普世價值的國際人權。司法院大法官有關社會保險的解釋，基本上是根據我國現行憲法中基本國策的規定，並未直接以基本權作為社會保險權利的憲法基礎。本文認為我國憲法中的社會保險權利，應該是經由基本國策具體實現的生存權。經由立法成為人民可以主張的公法上的權利。對社會保險權利的限制，必須符合「法律保留原則」、「比例原則」與「平等原則」。戰後社會保險陸續完成立法，憲法所保障的社會保險權利也在我國獲得實現。

關鍵字

社會保險權利 ； 社會安全權利 ； 社會權 ； 社會基本權 ； 基本國策 ； 生存權 ； 大法官解釋 ； 法律保留原則 ； 比例原則 ； 平等原則

並列摘要

This article discusses mainly on the constitutional protection of the right to social insurance. At first we observe the Regulations of the right to social security in the international conventions. We find out that the right to social security is universal human right. The social insurance is the main form of social security in the world. Secondly we discuss the protection of the right to social insurance in our constitution. Which is the basis of the constitutional protection, the fundamental national policies or the fundamental right？ The Justices of the Constitutional Court prefer the former. On the contrary, within the article we would like to say that the right to social insurance is based on the right of existence in the constitution. Thirdly we discuss the limitation of the restriction of the right to social insurance. The restriction should comply with the principle of legal reservation, the principle of proportionality and the principle of equality .At the end, we discuss how the legislation realize the constitutional protection of the right to social insurance. The legislation of social insurance is finished one by one in Taiwan, the right to social insurance is protected gradually by laws.

並列關鍵字

Right to Social Insurance ； Right to Social Security ； Social Right ； Fundamental National Policies ； Right of Existence ； Interpretation of the Justices of the Constitutional Court ； Principle of Legal Reservati