中小企業經營之法律風險管理－以供應鏈管理爲中心

Risk Allocation Management of Law on the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Management-Take Supplies Chain Management as the Center

張格明(Ko-Ming Chang)

《中正大學法學集刊》 34期 (2011/07) Pp. 115-186

https://doi.org/10.30094/NCCULJ.201107.0003

摘要

我國有高達97%的中小企業，中小企業廠商在臺灣長年來對外貿易出超均仰賴中小企業的貢獻，在2010年WTO公布全球商品貿易及服務貿易，我國進步至第16名及第17名。中小企業在近幾年來遭受國際經濟環境的激烈競爭，面臨了臺灣地需逐漸昇高的生產成本，逼迫產業必須外移。高科技產業也面臨了全球化競爭，在技術創新與研發上，居於較劣勢的地位，無法提升產業的價值及建立全球產業的價值鏈地位。因此，在法律與經濟分析的層面上，如何創造中小企業經營的良好環境，降低中小企業發展的法律障礙，成爲現今經濟法規及民事法規相關的重要課題。一方面必須解除各項不合理的管制，一方面也必須重新檢討再管制的機制，並積極輔導產業參進世界市場，提升全球競爭能力外，對於新興的法律實體而得以滿足產業之需求，及如何變革具有新創誘因的法律制度。中小企業面臨的具體法律風險，主要在於法律規範之不明確，對新興的集體交易模式，有必要釐清內部的法律關係及外部的法律關係，並以契約合理地分配風險及分享資訊，才能創造中小企業之立足於全球競爭之環境。在現行法律規定契約型態無法適用時，如何解釋契約條款，以及如何協助中小企業訂立契約，應以商業實務爲出發，依照民法第98條規定探求當事人之真意所在，並探求各類型商務契約的法律條款之需求。

關鍵字

控管風險 ； 代理成本 ； 沈入成本 ； 協商地位之平等 ； 當前狀況 ； 共生契約 ； 關係治理 ； 合作協力 ； 契約之連結

並列摘要

Our country has reaches as high as 97% small and medium-sized enterprises, the small and medium-sized enterprise manufacturer comes the foreign trade favorable balance of trade in Taiwan elder to admire the small and medium-sized enterprise the contribution, WTO announces the whole world merchandise trade and the trade in services in 2010, our country progresses to 16th and 17th. The small and medium-sized enterprise is suffering the international economy environment in the last few years the steep competition, has faced the production cost which Taiwan must elevate gradually, forces the industry to offset. The high tech industry has also faced the globalized competition, in the technological innovation and the research and development, resides in compares the inferiority the status, is unable to promote industrial the value and establishes the global industry the value chain status.Therefore, in legal and in economic analysis's stratification plane, how to create the small and medium-sized enterprise management the good environment, reduces the small and medium-sized enterprise development the legal impediment, becomes nowadays the economic statutes and the civil laws and regulations related important topic. On the one hand must relieve each unreasonable control, on the one hand must examine the mechanism which controls again, and counsels the industrial senate to enter the world market positively, promotes outside the global competition ability, regarding emerging legal entity, but can meet need of the industrial, and how to transform has the newly creation cause legal regime.The small and medium-sized enterprise faces the concrete legal risk, mainly lies in the legal norm not to be explicit, to emerging collective transaction pattern, it is necessary to define clearly the internal legal relationship and the exterior legal relationship, and assigns the risk and the share information reasonably by the contract, can create the small and medium-sized enterprise to base environment on the global competition. In the current law stipulated that the contract state is unable when is suitable, how to explain the contract clause, as well as how to assist the small and medium-sized enterprise to work out the contract, should as embark take the commercial practice, seeks true meaning of the litigant according to the civil law 98th stipulation to be, and seeks various types commerce contract demand of the legal provision.

並列關鍵字

risk allocation management ； RAM ； agent cost、sunk cost ； bargaining power ； representation ； hybrid contract ； relational governance ； co-cooperation ； nexus of contracts

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