航空業納入歐盟排放交易體系對我國影響之初評

Industrial Impact Analysis on the Inclusion of Aviation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme

溫麗琪(Lih-Chyi Wen) ； 羅時芳(Shih-Fang Lo)

《農業與資源經濟》 6卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 129-145

https://doi.org/10.29796/ARE.200912.0005

摘要

過去數十年來隨著航空運輸量快速成長，產業溫室氣體排放量也隨之逐年增加；爲有效控制民航業者溫室氣體排放，歐盟已立法通過自2012年起，所有起降於歐盟境內之各國籍民航機，均需納入歐盟排放交易體系，未來飛歐航線之民航業者需定期監測排放量並繳交報告，以作爲排放權核配的基礎，超出排放上限者需自碳交易市場買入供抵換之排放量，否則將被處以高額罰金。雖然航空業排放遠低於其他耗能產業，歐盟此項新措施將直接對我國飛歐陸航線之航空業者造成衝擊，是目前國內面臨國際減量壓力最大，且應變時間最有限的產業。 歐盟此一舉動已經在國際間引起廣泛之注意，尤其是對於納入國外業者之作法，一旦成功，勢必可能針對其他產業也起而仿效相關政策作法，這對以貿易爲主的我國，有非常顯著的衝擊，值得國內主管機關深入追蹤及探討。有鑑於此，本文除將介紹歐盟新規範的內容外，並將進行相關成本分析，此外，除針對我國航空業之影響成本進行推估外，也將模擬試算我國全面性的經濟可能影響；最後，本文將結論並提出對未來產業及政府相關單位之政策建議。

關鍵字

全球暖化 ； 溫室氣體 ； 排放交易

並列摘要

With the growing of air traffic, the greenhouse emissions gas (GHG) has been rapidly increasing in decades. In order to control aviation's emissions, the EU Council has adopted a directive that includes aviation activities in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). All flights, including intercontinental ones, starting and/or landing in Europe will be regulated from 2012. Aircraft operators have to monitor their annual emissions and submit reports to the authority as basis for future allocation of emissions permits. Those over-emitting the cap have to buy emissions permits from the carbon market to offset, or to be fined heavily. Once the measure is successfully implemented, it is possible that EU will have the same measure to other industries as well, which could be tremendously harmful to Taiwan, since Taiwan relies on international trade heavily. This study aims to introduce the EU's new regulation, followed by relative cost analysis. We will further estimate total cost incurred and discuss industrial strategy hereafter. Finally, policy suggestions to our industry as well as to the government will be provided.

並列關鍵字

Global Warming ； GHG Emissions ； Emissions Trading