論「自幼撫養為子女」是否成立收養關係之判斷標準

A Study of the Criteria Whether ＂Upbringing Since Childhood＂ Establishing Adoptive Relationship

莊錦秀(Ching-Hsiu Chuang)

《輔仁法學》 53期 (2017/06) Pp. 117-171

摘要

收養制度受到文化和國籍因素影響，而台灣的歷史特殊經歷使得這塊土地的收養制度是錯綜複雜。基此法律制度演變複雜下，對台灣人民權益具有重大且深遠影響。在台灣近代收養制度上，隨著前述統治政權更迭，可概分為前清時期、日治時期及光復後時期。然而，台灣人民在不同政權下收養制度於社會中運行，似乎無法馬上無縫接軌，而這樣裂縫呈現在社會生活裡及民事收養關係存否爭議案件中。本文先歸納整理前清、日治及光復後三時期相關收養制度規定及社會習慣後，進而，在司法院法學資料庫裡搜尋到四件具代表性案件（收養行為發生在光復後至民國74年6月5日修法前），呈現出承辦各審法官對民國74年6月5日修法前民法第1079條但書「自幼撫養為子女」要件判斷標準及立法精神，似乎存有相異判斷標準，本文將以案件為中心歸納各承審法官見解，並整理舊法時期學者針對該條但書見解，最後，本文提出建議。期望本文對此議題所作之研究分析，對於實務發生之問題，能具有進一步釐清作用，並能供裁判實務之參考。

關鍵字

收養制度 ； 親子關係 ； 子女最佳利益 ； 契約 ； 收養無效

並列摘要

Adoption system always is influenced by cultures and countries, so Taiwan’s adoption system is very complex and is confused by the land’s special historical experience. Recently, our adoptive laws are influenced by Japanese and traditional Qing dynasty. The adoptive system transformation is complex and unintelligible. Therefore, it put an huge effect on people and society. Consequently, the adoption law in Taiwan always changes in modern time, which is made by the inferior aforementioned reasons. The adoption system in Taiwan can be divided into three stages, the early Qing Dynasty, Japanese colonization, and post-retrocession, by the regime change. However, it was difficult for the adoption system to make immediate and smooth transition under the different regimes. The gap often is present in the society and in disputes over civil adoptive relationships. This study first summarizes applicable requirements of the adoption system and social customs during the three stages. Then, the four symbolic cases retrieved from the database of the Judicial Yuan, all cases with adoptive relationships occurring after Taiwan retrocession and before the amendment on June 05, 1985, were used to show the differences in the determination criteria adopted by judges. The phenomenon shows the judges with different criteria on the one hand, and helps us to summarize in charge of respective trials for ＂adoption since early childhood＂, a proviso to Article 1079 of the Civil Code before the amendment on June 5, 1985. Interpretations of the cases by the judges and those of the proviso by scholars during the old legislation period are summarized in this study, with suggestions provided at the end of this study. I hope that we can give some basis and suggestions through this research and cases’ summation, which helps judges and legislators clarify the disputes in the cases of upbringing since children in the future.

並列關鍵字

Adoption System ； Parent-Child Relationship ； Children's Best Interests ； Contract ； Adoption Invalid

參考文獻

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