漢語運動事件趨向補語構式規則之探究－以「V＋來／過／過來」為例

本研究探討漢語中自我移動方式動詞與路徑動詞「來／過／過來」形成趨向補語結構之規則。本文於COCT語料庫選取47個與「來／過／過來」高頻構式的方式動詞作為分析對象，並依照「情狀分類」、「動詞語意」分析方式動詞特性，使用「層級結構」分析路徑動詞的特點。研究結果顯示，首先，若路徑動詞所涵蓋之訊息越完備，構式力越強，如「V過來」；若方式動詞蘊含位移義，且無蘊含路徑訊息，則能與越多路徑動詞構式，如「走」。其次，影響構式要素的階層為：［±動態］＞［±位移］＞［±路徑］。其中，不具動態性的方式動詞，僅能與「V過來」構式；帶有兩點、過程路徑特徵的方式動詞，能與「V過」構式；蘊含預期性結果的方式動詞，則能與「V來」構式。

關鍵字

層級結構；趨向補語構式；位移；情狀分類；運動事件

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate how self-motion Manner verbs and Path verbs (lai/guo/guolai) compose directional complement constructions. First, forty-seven Manner verbs constructed with lai/guo/guolai in high frequency were extracted from the COCT corpus. Next, we applied ＂Aspectual Classification＂ to distinguish Manner verbs and used ＂Scale Structure＂ to analyze Path verbs. Besides, we analyzed the lexical semantics of Manner verbs, e.g. the entailment of Path, Result or Translational movement. The results showed that Path verbs with deictic elements (e.g., guolai) can be constructed with various types of Manner verbs. Contrarily, typical Manner verbs which do not entail path or result semantics can be constructed with more Path verbs (e.g., zou 'walk'). We propose the hierarchy of the elements which affect the construction of directional complements in the following order: [±Dynamic] ＞[±Translational] ＞[±Path]. The Manner verbs which are non-dynamic can only combine with the ＂V-guolai＂ construction while those with two-point or process path features can combine with ＂V-guo＂. Those containing the expected results can combine with ＂V-lai＂. Overall, the properties of Manner and Path verbs will affect the construction of directional complements.

並列關鍵字

Scale Structure ； directional constructions ； translational motion ； Aspectual Classification ； motion event

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