論《詩經》行役詩及其因物起興之運用

《詩經》時代普遍存在著行役的社會現象，因此，便出現許多描寫行役者在外生活的心路歷程的篇章。詩中的主角或為使臣，或為士兵，或為服繇役的百姓，其相同之處為這些主角均離家在外，飽嚐奔波行役之苦，故抒發的感懷頗為多元複雜。大抵言之，行役詩的主體表現可從三方面來看：一是直接敘寫征夫、役夫在外或歸鄉途中的喜怒哀樂；二是從思婦的角度間接描寫行役之悲與等待之苦；三是從下層官吏的角度來反映政令的繁瑣與行役的辛勞。而作者在詩中藉以起興的事物，對行役詩的構成佔有相當重要的地位，動植物和天候地象即是行役詩最常起興之物，他們不僅是引發作者創作的靈感來源，有些更成為日後特定文化意涵的寄託，影響後代文學作品甚巨。可以說，藉由探討《詩經》行役詩的因物起興，對於觀察作者情感與詩意的扣合，甚至是作者隱含在物象中的深意都是有所助益的。

關鍵字

行役；行役詩；因物起興

並列摘要

”Shi jing” the time has the forced labor generally the social phenomenon, therefore, then appears many describes the forced labor the mental journey chapter which lives in outside. In the poem lead or is an envoy, either is the soldier, either for the common people, its similarity leaves home for these leads in outside, full of rushes about pain of the forced labor, therefore expresses recollections quite multi-dimensional complex. Generally speaking, the forced labor poem's main performance may looking from three aspects: First, narrates directly writes the forced labor's mood outside or on the way home; Second, from the labor's wives' angle to describe the forced labor sadness and pain of the waiting indirectly; Third, reflects the government order tedious and the forced labor pain from the lower level government official's angle. The author is inspired to the poem the thing, holds the quite important status to the forced labor poem's constitution, the animal, botany and the weather is likely the forced labor poem most often is inspired to the thing, they not only initiate the inspiration origin which the author creates, some will become specific the cultural meaning reposing in the future, affect the descendant literary really great. It can be said that because of discusses ”Shi jing” the forced labor poem the thing is inspired to, regarding observes the author emotion and the poetic sentiment buckle gathers, even is the author conceals in the physical image the profound meaning has is of help.