從花柏容〈龜島少年〉及《愛食小便宜的安娜》探看「台灣新寫實主義」

「台灣新寫實主義」是在第21屆聯合文學小說新人獎的決審會議上所提出的，評審們對於參賽作品整體風格的逐年改變及漸具統一性，提出了台灣文學正在走向一種回歸文學本質與人性，以凡俗、瑣碎的細節表現真實人生，且人物塑造及題材選擇也愈驅多樣化及生活化的新文學風潮，並以「台灣新寫實主義」概括此類文風。筆者於本篇論文中，以「台灣新寫實主義」與此前台灣文學發展過程中曾為主流的「現代主義文學」、「鄉土文學」、「後現代文學」等相互比較，認為「台灣新寫實主義」是一順應文學鐘擺自然擺盪，及台灣社會進入21世紀後的整體文化變遷而來的，是台灣文學脈絡重要的下一個接續點。筆者並進一步以花柏容的〈龜島少年〉及《愛貪小便宜的安娜》一短篇一長篇的小說，以小說的人物塑造、劇情推演、主題訴求、特殊筆法，來探究「台灣新寫實主義」的特色所在。在花柏容的小說中，我們發現，「台灣新寫實主義」喜以平凡「素人」為其小說主角，在劇情推演上有著試圖凸顯人性正向價值的傾向；而小說也刻意使用對平凡、瑣碎細節的堆砌，來展演平凡生活的圖像；作家也不刻意在小說中表現他的政治、社會意識與訴求，一些關於政治、歷史、人性黑暗面、邊緣族群等議題都被以「輕盈」地筆法處理，凸顯了「台灣新寫實主義」與台灣曾流行過的文學文類不同之處。

關鍵字

台灣新寫實主義；花柏容；新寫實；新世代；文學獎

並列摘要

The theme, ”Neorealism of Taiwan”, was proposed at the final review meeting of the ”21st United Literature's Novel Writing Competition for Novice Writers.” Observing the changes and unifying styles of contest entries from year to year, the judges concluded that the literature of Taiwan was now returning to the intrinsic essence of literature and human nature by using commonplace, trivial details to present real life, and that the character creation and theme selection of the new literary development had become increasingly diversified and close to life, so that the genre could be termed as ”Neorealism of Taiwan”. In this study, ”Neorealism of Taiwan” is compared with ”Modernist Literature”, ”Nativist Literature” and ”Postmodemism Literature” which were once the mainstream literary genres in the development process of the literature of Taiwan. This study finds that the emergence of ”Neorealism of Taiwan” is a consequence of the literary development and the cultural changes resulting from 21st century society, and constitutes an important new phase for the development of the literature of Taiwan. By taking ”Gui Dao Shao Nian” (Teenager from Turtle island) and ”Ai Tan Xiao Bian Yi De Ana” (Ana, the one who is keen on gaining petty advantages) by Hua, Bo-rong as examples, the study further explores the characteristics of ”Neorealism of Taiwan”, including: character creation, storyline, theme and special writing skills. From the works of Hua, Bo-rong, this study points out that writers of ”Neorealism of Taiwan” like to use ”ordinary people” as the main characters, and the storyline is prone to magnify the positive values of human nature; moreover, the novel tends to present ordinary life images through commonplace and trivial details. Writers do not deliberately hide their political stances, social ideologies and opinions, and some issues regarding politics, history, the dark side of human nature and the minority on the edge of society, etc, are just presented ”subtly”, which marks the major difference between ”Neorealism of Taiwan” and other literary genres that were once in fashion in Taiwan.