日治時期「中國」作為工具的臺灣身分思索：以謝雪漁、李逸濤、魏清德為研究對象

本論文為探究日治時期臺灣文人如何與殖民者共同運用想像中國進行各自的言說，以「中國作為工具」的觀點開啟討論，並將「中國」視為策略性（strategic）的論述工具，在研究方法上結合文化翻譯、身分協商（negotiation）、知識傳播等理論，目的在於呈現日治時期臺灣文人在殖民情境下，如何運用殖民者提供的中國素材進行發言、如何觀看中國並可以看見什麼、如何援引世界概念，以及對於臺灣（人）身分的思索。　　本論文在研究對象的取材上，以活躍於日治時期的臺灣文人謝雪漁、李逸濤、魏清德為主要研究對象，以他們的旅外記錄、漢文小說、翻譯作品作為討論文本。這類文本有四項共通點：被限定在「中國－臺灣－日本」所共構的時空範疇下、以中國及其文史作為相對性的評述工具、對世界知識所進行的觀察與比擬、對臺灣身分的書寫。　　在研究步驟上，首先回溯甲午戰爭至日治前期，中國作為想像投射與書寫對象的歷史情境，爬梳臺灣人想像中國的文脈背景、臺灣人如何觸及臺灣人身分、形成臺灣人發言位置，特別是，日治以後，臺灣人如何在殖民者給予的想像情境與知識傳播中，重新對中國知識進行閱讀與再思考的過程。其次，依序析論臺灣文人的三類書寫（旅外記錄、漢文小說、翻譯作品）之文本內涵與外在環境的互動關係，並置作者、作品、社會的關係以相互對話，呈現當時讀者所接收到的中國訊息與臺灣社會形塑中國知識的社會氛圍。第三則是透過上述議題的綜合討論，考察臺灣文人透過中國進行寫作思考時，在面對世界知識、參與殖民者對話與書寫的過程中，如何浮現對自我與臺灣身分的思考，期能藉由他們曖昧的中國想像與自我身分書寫，作為臺灣當代面對中國問題時的再省思與研究方法之再思考。　　本論文以「中國作為工具」開啟論述，終極目的是企圖探究臺灣人對自我身分的思索，以及身為研究者對於解讀與建構臺灣人自我身分意識形成的研究方法之探求。

關鍵字

中國想像；知識傳播；文化翻譯；發言位置；臺灣位置；臺灣身分

並列摘要

In this thesis, I take the standpoint of “China as a Tool” to treat the subject of how Taiwanese intellectuals along with Japanese colonizers, during the Japanese colonial period, used the image of “China” in their discourse-making process. The starting point of the thesis is to first set the notion of “China” as a strategic tool for these discourses. To make this possible, it will prove useful to tie together theories of culture translation, of identity connections and of knowledge transmission. Through this process, I will seek to answer the questions of: how both Taiwanese intellectuals as well as Japanese colonists during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan used the image of “China” for their discourses?; from what point of view did they observe China?; how were they responsive to world knowledge? and finally; what are the problems entailed with the notions of the identity of the Taiwanese and of the thinking process of the Taiwanese? This research concentrates mainly on Syue-Yu Sie, Yi-Tao Li and Ciyng-De Uei—all three Taiwanese men of letters active during the Japanese colonization of Taiwan—through their records of travels abroad, in their novels of sinology and in their translations of foreign works. In these works, four common traits are found, the first being their mention of a specific “China-Taiwan-Japan” space-time trope. The second being about China and the context created by its culture and history; the third being their observation and comparison of world knowledge and the last one being the four authors’ views of the identity of Taiwan. This research will be structured as follows: first of all, setting the scope as the time spanning from the First Sino-Japanese War to the early part of the Japanese colonial period, I will analyze the origins of symbols and depictions of China and the history behind the way that these images were created. In so doing, I will be able to consider what type of identity of Taiwan the Taiwanese themselves were exposed to and what type of discursive stance they had adopted. In particular, I will inquire into the question of whether the Taiwanese, after having been colonized, had revised their way of reading and thinking about China, given the circumstances they were now facing and the knowledge transmission imposed by the ruler. Secondly, by focusing on the relationship between society and these Taiwanese intellectuals’ works (the abovementioned records of travels abroad, novels of sinology and translations), I will shed light on readers’ perusals of the time. Thirdly, by way of the above discussions, I will investigate into how the Taiwanese intellectuals’ self-awareness and how their take on the identity of Taiwan came to be. This thesis begins by raising the question of “China as a Tool.” However, the final goal is the search for and the ascertainment of the identity of the Taiwanese people. With this in mind I will, as a researcher, strive to add a new research method in the field of Taiwanese identity-formation. Moreover, by investigating how Taiwanese intellectuals during Japanese colonization responded to world knowledge, via the strategic process of using China—whose existence had grown vague and distant—as a tool, I will give a new reading of the identity of Taiwan. Over and above these goals, I am hoping for this new research method to become one of the building blocks needed for Taiwan to be able to reflect upon its present-day problems with China.