影響印度國際旅客風險知覺實證性研究

A Study on Risk Perceptions from International Tourists to India

邱淑蘋(Shu-Pin Chiu)

《犯罪與刑事司法研究》 17期 (2011/09) Pp. 37-57

https://doi.org/10.29861/CCJI.201109.0002

摘要

擔心受到犯罪被害，不但影響旅客的到訪意願，且殃及當地旅遊業的發展。為了解旅客害怕犯罪被害的心理反應，探討旅遊被害風險知覺形成的相關因素，研究目的主要有三：一是瞭解旅客對於當地不同犯罪被害類型的風險知覺，二是探討旅遊被害風險知覺與旅遊決策的關係，三是分析旅遊資訊、風險意識強弱在風險知覺與旅遊決策間所扮演的角色。本研究有助於旅客、旅遊業者及政府公部門作為觀光產業整體評估與改善旅遊品質的參考。本研究選擇前往印度的國際旅客為研究對象，於2010年1月在印度德里機場進行問卷調查，問卷調查採取受試者自行填寫的方式進行，回收有效問卷共156份。調查發現國際旅客覺得在印度被騷擾、詐騙及竊盜的機會較為普遍，亦反應出旅客遭受騷擾、詐欺、竊盜的被害經歷最高。不同的被害經歷產生不同的被害恐懼感擴張效應。女性、亞洲人明顯有較高的抑制行為。度假的遊客比商務旅客覺得被害風險更高。旅遊被害風險知覺與旅遊決策間具有負向關係，旅遊風險意識及旅遊資訊在被害風險知覺與旅遊決策關係間具有調節效果。

關鍵字

旅遊犯罪 ； 被害風險知覺 ； 旅遊資訊 ； 風險意識 ； 旅遊決策

並列摘要

Fear of victimization not only influences the willingness to visit, but also harms the development of local tourism. In order to understand the mental reaction to fears of victimization from tourists and to discuss the relevant factors to perception of victim risk, this study takes international tourists to India as the research population. There are three purposes of this study. First, to understand degrees of risk perception from tourists toward different kinds of crime victims in India; second, to discuss the relationship between perception of tourist victimization and visiting decision; and the last is to test that tourism information and risk awareness have interactive effects on perceptions of tourist victimization and visiting decision. The conclusion of this study presents a reference for tourists, tourism sector professionals, and governments to evaluate the whole tourism industry and to improve the quality of travel.The study examined survey data of 156 international tourists during their visit to India in January 2010. Participants were most concerned with harassment, fraud and larceny, and these were also the crimes that they had encountered frequently. Female and Asian tourists took more defense reactions than their male and European counterparts. In comparison to business tourists, sightseeing tourists perceived that they were more likely to become victims in India. In addition, different victim experiences in India tended to affect different kinds of victim risk perception. Regression analyses victimization that there was a negative relationship between perception of tourist victimization and visiting decision. Moreover, travel risk awareness and travel information had interactive effects on perceptions of victimization and visiting decision.

並列關鍵字

tourism crime ； perception of crime risk ； risk awareness ； travel information ； visiting decision