台灣地區傳統木結構建築物使用木材種類之調查

Investigation of Wood Species Used for Timber Construction Historical Buildings in Taiwan

卓志隆(Chih-Lung Cho) ； 張凱琳(Kai-Lin Chang)

《宜蘭大學學報》 1期 (2003/09) Pp. 1-9

https://doi.org/10.6178/niu.2003.01.11

摘要

本研究以木材外觀及解剖特徵鑑別台灣地區16棟修護中之不同時期及類型傳統木結構建築物中使用之木材種類。結果得知，本調查中隸屬清代時期之建築物結構方式皆為抬樑式，其大木構材主要是採用杉木及樟木，小木構材則以杉木及檜木為主，不過檜木應不是原始使用材料，而是後期修護時變更使用的結果，其他木材種類則很少用在這一時期的建築物中。台灣日治時期之傳統木結構建築物中，為中國傳統式民居建築所使用的木材種類較多樣化，困地區不同會有很大的差異性，烏心石、楠木類、苦楝及台灣櫸等低海拔闊葉樹木材作為壁體結構構材或家具構材使用，屋架構件用材，主要為杉木、檜木及百日青等針葉樹材。而屬於和洋風建築物之大木構件及門窗用料主要為檜木，建築物室內及室外之裝修用木料則使用柳杉、柳桉及樟木等木材。

關鍵字

台灣傳統木結構 ； 木材種類 ； 外觀特徵 ； 解剖特徵

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to identify wood species used for sixteen timber construction historical buildings of different era in Taiwan by wood gross and anatomical features. Each building had its own architectural style. The results indicated that all building construction types at Ch'ing dynasty-era in this investigation were post and lintel constructions, China-fir and camphor tree were principally used as structural carpentry members. Most wood species of the joinery and non structural members were China-fir and cypress. But cypress seems to be the replacement of the original wood species as the construction member during later restoration. The other wood species were scarcely used during this period.The wood species used for traditional Chinese residential buildings during the Japanese colonial era in Taiwan showed great diversity in accordance with different regions. The major hardwood species used for wall structure or furniture members were Formosan michelia, machilus, China berry and Taiwan zelkova, that distributed at low altitude regions of Taiwan. Softwood species such as China-fir, cypress and Nakai podocarp were principally used as roof structural members. Cypress was majorly used for structural carpentry, doors and windows members in Japanese or western style building during this era. At the same period, indoor and outdoor decorative wood materials used for buildings were mostly composed of Japanese cedar, lauan and camphor tree.

並列關鍵字

Historical timber construction of Taiwan ； Wood species ； Gross and anatomical features