論《呂氏春秋》的雜入統出與博古通今

On the Nature of the "Lüshi chunqiu" and its Integration of Past and Present

顧史考(Scott Cook)

《先秦兩漢學術》 1期 (2004/03) Pp. 99-122

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200403.0004

摘要

《呂氏春秋》殿於戰國時代之末，既為先秦諸子予以歸宿，又為兩漢思想開拓道路，佔古代學術史之樞紐地位。其「上揆之天，下驗之地，中審之人」，乃至「備天地萬物古今之事」，為一種包羅萬象、應有盡有之思想大薈萃，而在此博古通今之學問當中，又貫穿以某種一致的綱領，套上某種有系統的框架，以便為天下之統一形成一部全面性的新經典。其在中國古代思想史上之地位非同小可。然而亦有學者懷疑其並非一時一群人所作，以其中〈紀〉、〈覽〉與〈論〉三部為先後問世之著，乃至使我們無法將《呂氏春秋》視為一個整體來看待。本文針對於此一疑古之舉，將提出多方面的新證據，試以證明《呂氏春秋》中三部確有其不可磨滅的密切關係，並不能隨意拆開。最後，本文又將分析《呂氏春秋》三部中若干文章，以便進一步說明其寫作之目標及其所以達致此目標的基本原理。

關鍵字

《呂氏春秋》 ； 呂不韋 ； 荀子 ； 商鞅 ； 韓非 ； 古今論 ； 老子 ； 墨子 ； 秦國 ； 十二紀 ； 八覽 ； 六論

並列摘要

Coming at the end of the Warring States period, the ”Lüshi chunqiu” served as both a conclusion to the philosophies of the pre-Qin period and a precursor to the thought of the Han. As a work that professed to fully encompass the affairs of Heaven, Earth, and mankind, the ”Lüshi chunqiu” was a great compendium that not only widely embraced both the wisdom of the past and the needs of the present, but imparted its many disparate views with the type of integral vision that would allow it to serve as a new canon for the unification of the world. Given this, the work's importance in the history of Chinese thought is not to be overlooked. Recently, however, certain scholars have raised doubts about whether the work's three main divisions-the ”ji”, ”lan”, and ”lun”-were written at the same time or even by the same group of authors, thus throwing the nature of the work as an integral whole into uncertainty. The present essay aims to alleviate those doubts, using a variety of evidence to show how the three divisions of the ”Lüshi chunqiu” are in fact closely related and, in certain senses, inseparable. Following this, the essay will examine certain chapters in the ”Lüshi chunqiu” to further illuminate the goals of the work and the principles by which it went about achieving those goals.

並列關鍵字

Lüshi chunqiu ； Lü Buwei ； Xun Zi ； Shang Yang ； Han Fei ； Lao Zi ； Mo Zi ； Qin ； gujin ； "Shi'er ji" ； "Ba lan" ； "Liu lun"