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向死而生:論屈原的死亡與不朽

Life for Death-on Qu Yuan's Death and Immorality

摘要


選擇何種「生」,也就是選擇何種「死」,而選擇何種「死」,也反過頭來彰顯何種「生」的價值。死不是生之結果,而是生的原因。如此,屈原之所以崇高,乃在於他「生」的偉大,「死」的光榮,「生」「死」都堅持著自己的價值。緣此,屈原之死固然有別於儒家「哀而不傷」的原則,他以生命的全部豐富性,書寫了選擇死亡的淒苦、悲哀,然而這是怎樣的一種輝煌:「驚采絕豔,難以並能」劉勰如是說。屈原之死的崇高,不在於死亡本身,而在於通過死的沉思,將精神主體的情感提升到一個前所未有的高度。這正如海德格爾所指出的:「死是此在最本己的可能性。向這種可能性存在,就為此在開展出它的最本己的能在,而在這種能在中,一切都為的是此在的存在。在這種能在中,此在就可以看清楚,此在在它自己的這一別具一格的可能性中保持其為脫離常人的,也就是說,能夠先行著總是已經脫離常人的。領會這種『能夠』,卻才揭露出,[此在]實際上已喪失在常人自己的日常生活中了。」這就是說,屈原充分領略到死亡的威脅和必然,才能夠意識到自我的獨一無二,不可重覆的價值,才能夠從凡人世俗,從一種異化狀態中解脫出來,從而積極地籌劃自我,對向著自己的死延伸過去的那些可能性進行自由的選擇,以此來確定人生的價值和意義。緣此,本文擬從屈辭深刻的死亡意識中探索屈原對於生死的理解,並且,放在「三不朽」的生命價值理論去觀照,特別彰顯其「立言不朽」的意義,點出詩歌作為特殊的精神價值,在這裡第一次得到充分的體現。進而,說明詩人的立言作詩在文學批評史上的定位,俾符應「不朽」意義。

關鍵字

屈原 死亡 不朽 向死而生 楚辭 惜誦以致愍

並列摘要


The choice of how to live is also the choice of how to die; hence the choice of how to die will also manifest the value of the life. The death is not the result of the life, but the reason for the life. Insisting on his own value judgment all his life, Qu Yuan is sublime for the magnificence of his life and the glory of his death. With the abundance of his whole life, Qu Yuan wrote about the sadness to choose the death. Consequently, Qu Yuan's death is different from Confucian principle to be with grief but not sorrow. Through the meditation upon the death, Qu Yuan unprecedentedly promoted the spiritual subject, so Qu Yuan's death is sublime.The essay attempts to probe into Qu Yuan's understanding upon life and death by means of the deep consciousness of the death in his works. In the theory of the three immortalities, the immortality of the words will be especially manifested. Besides, the poetry as a kind of special spiritual value will be completely shown.

並列關鍵字

Qu Yuan death the immortality live with a view to death Chuci

被引用紀錄


謝涵如(2015)。利用理論計算探討鈣金屬修飾在硼氮摻雜碳環材料的儲氫能力〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2015.00238

延伸閱讀


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