從「人倫」、「事理」、「物類」三端探討先秦儒學之發揚進路

The Discussion of the Developed Direction about the Confucianism of Pre-Qin from Three Project: "the Ethic", "the Thought of the Matter", and "the Category of the Things"

鍾永興(Yong-Sing Jhong)

《先秦兩漢學術》 11期 (2009/03) Pp. 75-93

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200903.0004

摘要

殷鑑不遠，周人遂把禍福得失寄託於人事作為，而不訴諸於難以徵驗的鬼神之說。先秦儒家在這人文精神覺醒的時代背景中崛起，肯定了人類自身的認識能力與道德品性，亦認為天下治亂的肇端當取決於人，職是之故，人們未該追求真實世界以外的超自然力量，抑或費心地探索生前死後的未知領域。因此，先秦儒家所關懷的面向，未須臾脫離倫常日用等人事範疇；先秦儒學的闡述方向，亦未嘗坐落在人們無法聞見、認知的神秘領域上。竊觀先秦儒學的發揚進路，大抵不外乎從「人倫」、「事理」、「物類」等三端推展開來。一者、儒者憑此思維基礎，漸次架構出歷久彌新的學術規模。二者、仁人君子無不朝向「序人倫以正德」、「達事理以厚生」、「明物類以利用」等目標邁進。

關鍵字

人倫 ； 事理 ； 物類 ； 先秦儒學

並列摘要

The experience of destruction about Shang Dynasty is not far, people in the Zhou Dynasty consider the fortune or the misfortune is relate to human's behavior, not relate to the ghosts or the gods. The Confucianism of Pre-Qin develop in this age that the humane is awakening, they affirm the wisdom and the moral behavior from human, and consider the cause of peace or turmoil is relate to human, so people can not pursue the supernatural strength which outside of the real world, or explore the domain about the soul painstaking. Therefore, the direction which the Confucianism of Pre-Qin care about, does not leave the human's behavior, the explainable direction from the Confucianism of Pre-Qin, does not relate to the secret domain that people do not understand. The developed direction about the Confucianism of Pre-Qin does not leave the three project: ”the ethic”, ”the thought of the matter”, and ”the category of the things”. The first, the Confucianist construct the academic achievement that long and lasting by those thought. The second, the people with lofty ideals are devote themselves to achieve three goal: ”To defer the ethic for raise the morality”, ”To understand the thought of the matter for attend the human”, ”To thorough understand the category of the things for use that”.

並列關鍵字

The ethic ； The thought of the matter ； The category of the things ； The Confucianism of Pre-Qin