從現代漢語方言論古無複輔音聲母

Modern Chinese Dialects Show no Consonant Combinations in Archaic Chinese

丁啟陣(Qi-Zhen Ding)

《先秦兩漢學術》 12期 (2009/09) Pp. 85-95

https://doi.org/10.29443/TLXQHD.200909.0006

摘要

從邏輯上講，複輔音論者撇開現代漢語方言，大談藏緬、壯侗等語族語言同源詞的做法，是有問題的：舍近求遠的同時，規避了可能不利於自己立論的語言事實，結論的客觀性值得懷疑。我們認為，不論現代漢語方言有無複輔音的證據，都應該首先加以研究。換言之，複輔音論者有責任對現代漢語方言沒有複輔音的現象作出充分的解釋。事實上，複輔音論者們提出的上古漢語有複輔音的一些論據，如古代文獻記載中的論據，都可以在現代漢語方言中找到類似乃至對應的現象。那些被當作複輔音分化證據的語音現象，在現代漢語方言中，其實都可以用方言間單輔音對應和共時語音演變進行解釋，不必假設為複輔音分化和歷時音變。也就是說，現代漢語方言可以證明，上古漢語沒有複輔音聲母。

關鍵字

複輔音 ； 音韻 ； 現代方言

並列摘要

The approach, logically speaking, of those who propose the hypothesis of consonant combination in Archaic Chinese and put materials of the modern Chinese dialects aside, talking about cognate words from the Tibeto-Burman(藏緬), the Zhuang-Dong(壯侗)and other ethnic languages groups, is problematic:The objectivity of conclusions from an indirect approach avoiding the unfavorable arguments based on their own language facts is questionable. We believe that the modern Chinese dialects should be fully studied first. Scholars have responsibility to explain the consonant system of the modern Chinese dialects which is generally supposed to supply the evidences, pro and con.In fact, the argumentations of the hypothesis ”existence of consonant combinations in the archaic Chinese”, and the evidences from the ancient literature in favor of this hypothesis can be found in modern Chinese dialects as well in which one may observe parallel corresponding phenomena.The phenomena of the members with various different initials belonging to a character radical that are realised by means of historical series of phonetic splitting from the hypothetical consonant combinations in archaic Chinese, can be explained by way of synchronic sound changes in modern Chinese dialects. In other words, the related phonological expressions in modern Chinese dialects can prove that no consonant combinations at all exist in the archaic Chinese.

並列關鍵字

consonant combinations ； phonology ； modern Chinese dialects