貞節與暴力：明代士人與婦女貞節觀之精神側面

Fidelity and Violence: The another Meaning of Scholars and Marital Fidelity of Ming

劉紹鈴(Shao-Ling Liu)

《華梵人文學報》 11期 (2009/01) Pp. 77-115

https://doi.org/10.29930/HJH.200901.0003

摘要

明代政治高度迫害的處境，使士人退返到心靈自足的世界，大量調動知識階層「志於道，據於德，依於仁，游於藝」的精神，以文化逸民－遺民者自視，一方面以道德苦節抵抗現實的酷虐禍亂，另一方面，亦在鞏固自我心防，自反而縮。然而「道德」話語的氾濫與滲透，卻使得私領域被徹底政治化，極端砥礪節操的劃地自限結果往往即是－自虐虐人，暴力的循環論證。而節婦烈女的書寫，正是這暴力循環下的獻祭儀式。
本文欲透過貞節與士人之間錯綜的暴力循環，重新反思泛道德榮光的背後所潛藏極其冷酷的暴力相向。

關鍵字

貞節 ； 士人 ； 暴力 ； 苦行主義 ； 遺民

並列摘要

The situation of highly political repression caused scholars to back to the self-satisfied sphere of Ming It caused them treated themselves as culture recluses or loyalists. They applied a lot of energy to resist actual maltreatment on the other hand. The permeance of morality caused the private sphere to be thoroughly the private sphere to be thoroughly politicalized. The result of the extreme self-restraint using to comply with morality caused them to maltreat themselves and the others. It is called the thesis of violence circulation. So, the writing about widows with female suicides is exactly a kind of ceremony under the violence circulation.
This article would like to analyze the complex violence circulation between female chastity and scholars to reconsider the cruel violence hidden behind the chased morality.

並列關鍵字

marital fidelity ； scholars ； violence ； ascetic ritual ； loyalists

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