空間及其外－由疫情到後疫情的臺灣民間信仰場域

Space and the others: the Taiwanese folk religion field from the pandemic to the post-pandemic

溫宗翰(Wen, Tzung-han)

《玄奘佛學研究》 36期 (2021/09) Pp. 137-172

摘要

2020年，全世界因新冠肺炎（COVID-19）傳染疾病盛行，各國一度關閉邊防，以應付傳染疾病；臺灣作為全球經濟貿易的樞紐，難以置身其外。即便自2020年4月14日起，持續零本土確診病例，但相關防護措施與因應策略，始終沒有減輕；為避免疫情擴散，臺灣民間信仰宮廟與相關活動，受到極高度的社會關注，論者於本文呈現的，是就2020年疫情初起，至2021年5月第二波本土病例大量誕生的社會觀察，並嘗試從臺灣宮廟文化的縱深，了解在「百年大疫」之下，臺灣民間信仰宮廟如何在全球化疫情中，維繫信仰結構與其社會位置。傳統社會中的民間信仰，僅需要面對祭祀圈或信仰圈內社群結構的互動關係，宮廟經營者往往是地方社會階級的具體展現；在全球化時代，宮廟場域及其文化發展，變得較為繁複，宮廟經營呈現多樣性特徵，進展較快的宮廟／公廟，可以顯現出以往祭祀圈或信仰圈內無法觸及的社會面貌，招攬縱橫全臺的信仰社群與人群結構；而在全球化帶來傳染病疫情發生情況之下，防疫措施從原先政府帶頭，運用宗教治理的行政網絡來指揮宮廟防疫，到後來則有出現宮廟自行尋找應變辦法，積極邁向全球化網絡，包含加快數位化經營儀式、增進網路社群關係互動，乃至於自我裁量宗教場所是否解封，進一步向政府單位尋求開放普度等，都顯現出宮廟在全球化下走向組織化、管理社群化的主體醒覺。

關鍵字

新型冠狀病毒肺炎（COVID-19） ； 宮廟 ； 宗教治理

並列摘要

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the world. Also caught up in its sway, Taiwan adopted pandemic prevention strategies. Although there had been zero new domestic cases since April 14, 2020, corresponding prevention measures and response strategies remained strict. To prevent the spread of the epidemic, temples of Taiwanese folk religions and related activities are being watched closely by society as a whole. The author presents in the present study the social observations carried out during the initial stage of the pandemic in early 2020 till the massive surging of domestic cases in May 2021, and tries to understand, from the depth of the Taiwanese temple culture, how Taiwanese folk religion temples maintain the belief structure and its social position under the ＂once-in-a-lifetime pandemic＂ In traditional societies, folk religions only had to deal with the interactions within the circle of worshippers or the faithful, and the temple operators were usually the concrete manifestations of local social classes. In a globalized world, however, the temple field and its cultural developments have become more complicated, and the running of temples has shown diverse characteristics. Temples/public temples that are developed faster can reflect aspects of the societies, belief communities, and people structure across Taiwan that the circle of worshippers or the faithful of old could not touch on. Under the circumstances of the pandemic brought about by globalization, the prevention measures at first were led by the government, utilizing the administrative network of religion governance to direct the temples' pandemic prevention measures. After that, phenomenon of temples started looking for response measures by themselves, and positively heading towards a globalized network that was seen, including the acceleration of the digitization of operating models, enhancement of social network relationship interactions, self-discretion of the lifting of lockdowns for religious establishments, and requesting the authorities for the permission to practice mass redemption for the ghosts. All these show the subject awakening of temples heading towards organization and management socialization under globalization.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； Folk religion ； Religious governance ； Folk life

參考文獻

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