唐君毅對於佛教慈悲智慧的理解－兼論心靈主體的超越性

T'ang Chun-I's Understanding of Buddhist Compassion and Wisdom: Also on the transcendence of the spiritual subject

陳振崑(Chen, Jen-kuen)

《玄奘佛學研究》 37期 (2022/03) Pp. 25-53

摘要

當代新儒家學者唐君毅先生在最後的《生命存在與心靈境界》大作中，以第八境界「我法二空境―眾生普度境―觀一真法界」總結他對佛教慈悲智慧超拔生命束縛的整體理解。唐先生體認佛陀的大悲願，在於以自覺覺他的生命智慧救度普世有情生命以脫離世間的煩惱苦難。而大乘般若宗的「我執之破除」、「空性之體悟」與唯識宗的「業識不斷」和「善惡因果」，華嚴宗的「解行頓成」和「當下普度」觀念在唐先生晚年的佛教理解中，都佔有關鍵的地位。本文宗旨即聚焦於唐君毅心通九境論中第八境界中的這幾個佛學的重要觀念進行闡釋，並提出唐君毅的哲學體系所受於佛學義理的重要啟發所在，希冀有所助益於現代人之心靈超越性的開發。

關鍵字

唐君毅 ； 空性 ； 善惡因果 ； 解行頓成 ； 一真法界

並列摘要

Contemporary Neo-Confucian scholar Prof. T'ang Chun-I (1909-1978) constructs a philosophical Theory of ＂the Nine Realms of Mindfulness＂ in his final masterpiece Life Existence and Spiritual Realm. He summed up his overall understanding of Buddhism's compassion, wisdom and transcendence of the constraints of life with the eighth realm: ＂Both Emptiness of I and Dharma-Save All Beings Realm-One True Dharma Realm＂. Prof. T'ang realized that the Buddha's great compassion is to save all sentient beings from the afflictions and sufferings of the world by consciously realizing his wisdom of life. The Mahayana Prajna school's ＂removal of self-clinging＂ and ＂comprehension of emptiness＂ and the ＂consistency of karma＂ and ＂causality of good or evil＂ of Consciousness-Only School, and the concepts of ＂completing of interpretation and action on the moment＂ and ＂all sentient beings could saved＂ of Huayan School played a key role in Prof. T'ang's later years. The purpose of this paper is to focus on these important Buddhist concepts in the eighth realm of T'ang Chun-I's ＂Theory of the Nine Realms of Mindfulness＂, and to propose that T'ang Chun-I's philosophical system is inspired by Buddhist principles, hoping to be helpful to the transcendence of the human mind.

並列關鍵字

T'ang Chun-I ； Emptiness ； Causality of Good or Evil ； Interpretation and Action ； One True Dharma Realm

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