台灣能源技術服務企業國際輸出型態與主要影響因素分析

本研究分析2016～2018台灣地區能源技術服務產業之國際輸出特性，該產業因台灣市場胃納量有限，約有半數企業走向國際輸出的途徑，採用國際貿易、國際策略聯盟與國際集團經營等方式，追求企業永續的成長。植基於國際化相關理論，本研究檢定四項假說，並證實台灣能源技術服務企業四種國際化現象。其一，台灣能源技術服務企業國際輸出部分，愈鄰近的海外市場之占比愈高。其二，資源規模越多的企業越容易推廣節能業務國際化。其三，國際化程度越大的企業，整體的獲利能力也較高。其四，國際化程度與企業獲利能力的關聯性為非線性型態，尤其輸出中國市場方面，國際化程度不高時，企業淨利率隨國際化程度增加而提升。但國際化比率約超過32.895％以後，因海外經營成本愈來愈高，拓展中國市場占比反而對於能源技術服務企業獲利能力有反向效果。另外，影響國際輸出的主要因素呈現，能源技術服務專案營業收入、整體企業營業額、資本額、專案獲利金額、專案營業額成長率等係為國際輸出的顯著影響因素。亦即此類資源規模越多的企業越容易推廣節能業務國際化活動。

關鍵字

能源技術服務企業；產業調查；國際輸出；影響因素

並列摘要

We analyze the international output patterns with Taiwanese energy service companies (ESCOs) industry investigation in 2016~2018. Due to the finite business volume, half of Taiwanese ESCOs develop overseas markets with international trade, alliance and enterprises group. Basing on internationalization strategies, we test and confirm four hypotheses about international developing patterns of Taiwanese ESCOs. First of all, the closer countries, the more market share. Second, the more resources, the easier the enterprises to promote international business. We also analyze the influential characteristics in Taiwanese ESCO's international expansion. As the results show, the sales in ESCO's projects, total sales, capitals, profits and growth rate are the key successful factors. Third, the more internationalized degrees the companies, the more competitive advantages. At last, there exists some nonlinear relationships between degree of internationalization and business performance. When the degree is slight, the international outputs increase the profits. At once when the degree is about over 32.895%, the further overseas expansion leads to negatively impact on profits. On the other hand, recently Taiwanese ESCOs suffered the recession in exporting to China. The results suggest to transfer into the markets in Southeast Asia.